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1、Chapter7.3.AnticancerAntibiotics抗肿瘤抗生素Anticancerantibioticsaredrugsderivedfrommicrobialsources.DactinomycinD,放线菌素D(更生霉素)Mechanismofaction:DNAintercalationAnthracyclines,蒽醌类DaunorubicinwasisolatedfromStreptomycescoeruleorubidusandS.peucetius.ThissignificantdiscoverywasmadeindependentlyinFrancean
2、dItalyin1963.Themostimportantmemberoftheanthracycline,doxorubicin(adriamycin)wasisolatedfromS.peucetiusvar.caesiusin1969inItaly.Thehistoryofdoxorubicincanbetracedbacktothe1950s,whenanItalianresearchcompany,FarmitaliaResearchLaboratories,begananorganizedefforttofindanticancercompoundsfromsoil-ba
3、sedmicrobes.Daunorubicinwasfoundfirst.ResearchersatFarmitalialaterdiscoveredAnewstrainofStreptomyces.Thisnewstrainproducedadifferent,red-coloredantibiotic.TheynamedthisnewcompoundAdriamycin,aftertheAdriaticSea,andthenamewaslaterchangedtodoxorubicin.DoxorubicinHydrochloride盐酸阿霉素Mechanismofaction
4、:AnthracyclinesinhibitDNAandRNAsynthesisbyintercalatingbetweenbasepairsoftheDNA/RNAstrand,thuspreventingthereplicationofrapidly-growingcancercells.Theyalsocreateiron-mediatedfreeoxygenradicalsthatdamagetheDNAandcellmembraneswhichalsocausetoxicside-effects.Cartoondiagramoftwodoxorubicinmolecules
5、intercalatingDNAClinicaluse:Doxorubicinisoneofthemosteffectiveanticanceragents.Itiseffectiveforthetreatmentofacuteleukemias,Hodgkin’sdiseaseandotherlymphomas,Wilms’tumor,neuroblastoma,sarcomas,breastcarcinoma,ovariancarcinoma,bladdercarcinoma,andetc.Majortoxicity:cardiotoxicityBleomycin,博莱霉素(争光
6、霉素)BleomycinisproducedbythebacteriumStreptomycesverticillus.Bleomycinreferstoafamilyofstructurallyrelatedcompounds.Whenusedasananti-canceragent,thechemotherapeuticalformsareprimarilybleomycinA2andB2.ThedrugisusedinthetreatmentofHodgkinlymphoma,squamoucellcarcinomas,andtesticularcancer,pleurodes
7、isaswellasplantarwarts.Bleomycinwasfirstdiscoveredin1962whentheJapanesescientistHamaoUmezawafoundanti-canceractivitywhilescreeningculturefiltratesofS.verticullus.Umezawapublishedhisdiscoveryin1966.ThedrugwaslaunchedinJapanbyNippon
