语言学中的等级hierarchy

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1、TheHierarchyofAnimals2typesofderivedwords2morphemes(1stem&1affix)File5.3TheHierarchicalStructureofDerivedWords≥3morphemes(1stem&≥2affixes)prefix+stemstem+suffix2morphemes(1stem&1affix)unhappyunhappybreakablebreakableaffixstem(verb)newword(adj.)-ableadjustadjustablebreakbreakablecomparecompara

2、bledebatedebatable-ableaffixstem(verb)-ableadjustbreakcomparedebateFact1Thestemswithwhichagivenaffixmaycombine(theirinput)normallybelongtothesamepartofspeechclass.affixnewword(adj.)-ableadjustablebreakablecomparabledebatable击添加标题Fact2Thewordsformedbytheadditionofagivenderivationalaffixtosomes

3、tem(theiroutput)alsonormallybelongtothesamepartofspeechclass.击添加标题Thestemswithwhichagivenaffixmaycombine(theirinput)normallybelongtothesamepartofspeechclass.Thewordsformedbytheadditionofagivenderivationalaffixtosomestem(theiroutput)alsonormallybelongtothesamepartofspeechclass.2factsaboutwords

4、withonederivationalaffixprefix+stem+suffixprefix1+prefix2+…+prefixn+stem+suffix1+suffix2+…+suffixn≥3morphemes1stem&≥2affixes●unusable(不能用的)un-,use,-able●irreformability(不可改造性)ir-(非),re-(重新),form(形状),-able(能…的),-ity(性质)●antidisestablishmentarianism(反对教会与国家分家学说)anti-(反),dis-(分离),establish(建立),-

5、ment(状态),-arian(主义的),-ism(学说)whichaffixattachestothestemfirstly?≥3morphemes假设2：Adj.假设1：Adj.e.g.unusableprefix：un-suffix:-ableverbunuseableAdj.unuseable假设2：Adj.假设1：Adj.verbunuseableAdj.unuseable●un-+stem(adj.)=newword(adj.)●stem(verb.)+-able=newword(adj.)×√AmbiguouswordsMorethanonemeaningMoret

6、hanonewaytobeanalyzed2meaningsnotabletobelockedabletobeunlockedAdj.Adj.unlockableAdj.Verbunlockablee.g.unlockable2waystoanalyzethanks