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1、奥巴马就职演讲中的物称与人称对比分析摘要英语较常用物称表达法,即不用人称来叙述,而让事物以客观的口气呈现出来。相反,汉语则较注重主体思维,这种思维模式以“万物皆备丁我”做主导,往往从口我出发來叙述客观事物,或倾向于描述人及其行为或状态,因而常用人称。汉语重人称,英语重物称,本文通过对奥巴马就职演讲中英文版本的全面分析来说明这一结论。关键词人称;物称;奥巴马就职演讲TheComparativeAnalysisofImpersonalandPersonalinObama5sInauguralSpeechAbstract
2、InEnglish,peopleusuallyuseimpersonalexpressions,that'stosay,theydon'tusepersonaltoexpressthemselves,onthecontrary,theyusedtostatetheiropinionsobjectively.WhileinChinese,peoplepaymoreattentiontothesubjectthought,whichisleadby“Allthingsunderheavenarebeingprepare
3、dforme.MUsually,theChinesetendtonarratetheobjectthingsfromtheirownortendtodescribepersonandhisbehaviororstate,therefore,peopleoftenusepersonalinChinese.InChinese,peoplestressonpersonal,whileinEnglishpeoplestressonimpersonal.Inthispaper,theauthorwillprovethispo
4、intthroughthethoroughanalysisofObama'sinauguralspeech.Keywords:personal;impersonal;Obama'sinauguralspeechG..Leech和J.Svartvik在《英语交际语法》一书中指出:“Formalwrittenlanguageoftengoeswithanimpersonalstyle;i.e.oneinwhichthespeakdoesnotreferdirectlytohimselforhisreaders,buta
5、voidsthepronouns/,you,we.Someofthecommonfeaturesofimpersonallanguagearepassives,sentencesbeginningwithintroductoryit.andabstractnouns/9在此我们来看奥巴马就职演讲qI的一个例子:i.e.(1)Inreaffirmingthegreatnessofournation,weunderstandthatgreatnessisneveragiven.Itmustbeearned.Ourjou
6、rneyhasneverbeenoneofshortcutsorsettlingforless.Ithasnotbeenthepathforthefaint-hearted,forthosewhopreferleisureoverwork,orseekonlythepleasuresofrichesandfame.Rather,ithasbeentherisk-takers,thedoers,themakersofthings一somecelebrated,butmoreoftenmenandwomenobscur
7、eintheirlabor一whohavecarriedusupthelong,ruggedpathtowardsprosperityandfreedom.在重申我们国家伟犬精神的同时,我们懂得,伟大从非天生,而是必须赢得。我们的历程从来不是走捷径或退而求其次的历程。它不是弱者的道路——它不属于好逸恶劳或只图名利享受的人;这条路属于冒险者,实干家,创造者——冇些人享冇盛名,但大多数是默默无闻耕耘劳作的男女志士,是他们带我们走向通往繁荣和自由的漫长崎岖之路。上述例子使用作主语,來表达本次演讲的正式性与严肃性,相反如果
8、直接用人称来表达木段话的含义,则会显得不那么正式。这种表达法会使得叙述显得客观、公正,结构趋于严密、紧凑,语气较为委婉、间接。而在汉语的表达习惯屮,汉语注重的是主体思维,汉语小往往从自我出发来叙述客观事物,常用人称。从上面的事例中我们可以看得出,汉语多用人称这一特点,说明“什么人做了什么事情一.英语常用非人称作主语,汉语常用人称作主语英语常用非人称主语表达,