美国文学Lecture 3

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1、Lecture3AmericanRomanticismRomanticismRomanticismisatermthatisassociatedwithimaginationandboundlessness,andincriticalusageiscontrastedwithclassicism,whichiscommonlyassociatedwithreasonandrestriction.AromanticattitudeasahistoricalmovementAromanticattitudeasahistoricalmovementitaroseinthe18tha

2、nd19thcenturiesinreactiontomorerationalliterary,philosophic,artistic,religious,andeconomicstandards.OriginsofRomanticism:theeconomicriseofthemiddleclass;theindividualismoftheRenaissance;theReformation;thepsychologyofLocke;theoptimistichumanitarianism;thewritingsofRousseauIndigenousforcesinAm

3、ericanLiterature:Arealizedpoliticaldemocracy;Theindividualism,buoyancy,andoptimismofthefrontier;TheidealismlatentinCalvinism(JonathanEdwards);Intimacywiththewilderness;apredominantlyagrarianbackground;recognitionoftheheroismofearlyAmericans.TheimpactofAmericanRomantic:revolutionaryactivities

4、forpoliticalfreedomandindividualrights;humanitarianreform(Abolitionismandfeminism);liberalreligiousmovements(UnitarianismandUnversalism);laborreform(KnightsofLabor);economicexperimentsincommunalliving(BrookFarmandNewHarmony).CharacteristicsofAmericanromanticismare:sentimentalism(TheSketchBoo

5、k);primitivismandthecultofthe“noblesavage”(Hiawatha);politicalliberalism(Jefferson,Paine,Barlow);thecelebrationofnaturalbeautyandthesimplelife(Cooper,Emerson,Thoreau);introspection(Poe,Thoreau);CharacteristicsofAmericanromanticismare:idealization(Cooper);interestinthepicturesquepast(Irving,H

6、awthorne);interestinremoteplaces(Melville);medievalism(Longfellow);antiquarianismleadingtotherevivalofthepopularballad(Longfellow);theGothicromance(Brown);CharacteristicsofAmericanromanticismare:concernwithacrepuscularworldofmystery(Poe);individualism(Emerson,Thoreau,Whitman);technicalinnova

7、tion(Whitman’sprosody);humanitarianism(UncleTom’sCabin);morbidmelancholy(Poe);nativelegendry(Evangeline);andthehistoricalromance(Cooper).WashingtonIrving&JamesFenimoreCooperWashingtonIrvingTheSketchBook,ofwhichthemostfrequentlyanthologizedare:“RipV