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1、AmericanLiterature030533/4/5,19thDec.2006TheAmericanPost-Modernism(I)(1945-2000)LectureSixteenAmericanPoetrySince1945:theAnti-traditionExperimentalpoetry:ExperimentationisoneaspectofallModernistandPostmodernistpoetry,butexperimentalpoetrymakesaspecialpointofin
2、novation,sometimesinthebeliefthatcurrentpoetryisstereotypedandinadequate,butmoreoftenforitsownsake.Experimentationintheartsisnothinglikeitscounterpartinscience,however,andtherearenotheoriestocorrespondwithobservations,fitinwithothertheories,orbroadlymakesense.
3、Evensuchconceptsasforegroundinganddefamiliarization,basictomuchliterarytheorizing,aremoretakenasarticlesoffaiththanproperlyestablished.Experimentalpoetrycanbeintriguingandpleasing,butitisnotpoetryascommonlyunderstoodbytheterm,andhasthereforetobejudgedondiffere
4、ntgrounds,mostcommonlythoseofthevisualarts,whichitincreasinglyresembles.TheforcebehindLowell’smatureachievementandmuchofcontemporarypoetryliesintheexperimentationbeguninthe1950sbyanumberofpoets.Theymaybedividedintofivelooseschools,identifiedbyDonaldAlleninhisT
5、heNewAmericanPoetry(1960),thefirstanthologytopresenttheworkofpoetswhowerepreviouslyneglectedbythecriticalandacademiccommunities.Inspiredbyjazzandabstractexpressionistpainting,mostoftheexperimentalwritersareagenerationyoungerthanLowell.Theyhavetendedtobebohemia
6、n,counter-cultureintellectualswhodisassociatedthemselvesfromuniversitiesandoutspokenlycriticized"bourgeois"Americansociety.Theirpoetryisdaring,original,andsometimesshocking.Initssearchfornewvalues,itclaimsaffinitywiththearchaicworldofmyth,legend,andtraditional
7、societiessuchasthoseoftheAmericanIndian.Theformsarelooser,morespontaneous,organic;theyarisefromthesubjectmatterandthefeelingofthepoetasthepoemiswritten,andfromthenaturalpausesofthespokenlanguage.AsAllenGinsbergnotedin"ImprovisedPoetics,""firstthoughtbestthough
8、t."TheBlackMountainSchoolTheBlackMountainSchoolcenteredaroundBlackMountainCollegeanexperimentalliberalartscollegeinAsheville,NorthCarolina,wherepoetsCharlesOlson,RobertDuncan,andRo
