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1、ContemporaryLiterature(1945-)Background2.PhilosophicandliterarycriticismliteraryschoolsandtherepresentativewritersandworksThebackground1.1950s-1960sA,coldwar,twocamps,leadership;B,KoreanwarandVietnamwar,Worldpoliceman,C,threatofnuclearcatastrophe2.1960s–21st
2、centuryA,Cubanmissile1962;B,McCarthyism,麦卡锡主义persecution;C,racialsegregationlaw1960s;C,womenmovement;D,postcolonialism,Berlinwallfell,coldwarended,hegemonism霸权主义3.Anxiety,confusioninmindPhilosophicandliterarycriticismExistentialism存在主义Postmodernism后现代主义Decon
3、structionism后结构主义Postcolonialism后殖民主义Orientalism东方主义Feminism女性主义Existentialism1.Existentialisminthe20thcentury;Itsbasicconcernishumanexistence.2.Existenceprecedesessence存在先于本质Platonism-Christianity,reflectsapre-existenteternalandabsoluteSpiritorIdea.Theexist
4、entialists：thereisnosuchaSpiritorIdeaandthereisnopre-establishedessenceofman3.purposelessandthusabsurd.Rebellionagainstabsurdityisthuslife'sstruggle4.eachmanmusthavethefreedomofchoice,andcreatehisownexistence.Amanbecomesamanonlywhenhethinkshisownthoughts,liv
5、eshisownlifeandkeepshisindividuality.threemainrepresentatives:Heidegger,海德格尔Sartre,萨特1964refusedNobelprizeandCamus,加缪beingthethreemainrepresentatives.BeingandNothingness;Nausea(1938),TheWall(1938)andTheFlies(1943).RalphEllison,invisiblemanBeatgenerationPostm
6、odernism1.1960s-1970s2.Literatureofexhaustion:Boundariesbetweenfactandfictionabsurdandnolongerexisting.ThetraditionalnovelisdeadandthattraditionalnovelisticresourceshavebeenexhaustedAbsurd,metafiction,andavantgarde先锋派(experimental)breakawayfromtraditionalnov
7、elisticconventionmetafiction:超小说(现代小说流派或其作品,有意强调作者的媒介作用和写作技巧,忽略传统写作中对真实性的关注)Themodernists,throughtheirstylisticexperimentations,hadtriedtodecodeandre-codeconventionalizedsocialandculturalcodes.Thepostmodernistsdecidedthattheywouldgofurther.Abandoningreality-
8、relatedfunctionsofliteraturemeantforthemthatliteratureitselfhadbecome"exhausted."Postmodernism—Kafka'sMetamorphosis(1916),SamuleBeckett'sWaitingforGodot(1952),.theconcernsandconnectionswithsocia
