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1、ExerciseEarlyRomanticismTheageofRealismColonialperiodandRevolutionaryperiodIrvingFranklinCooperEmersonHawthorneTwainJamesDreiserMelvilleThoreauTranscendentalismLateRomanticismI.HistoricalBackground1.Earlyhistory:1)In1492,ChristopherColumbusfoundthenewcontinentcalledAmerica.2)In1607,Ca
2、ptainJohnSmithledsomeEnglishmenacrosstheocean.3)In1620,102passengerssailedontheshipMayfloweracrosstheseaandsettledon“NewEngland”ofthenewcontinent.2.Reasonsforcomingtothenewworldwealthadventurereligion:puritans3.Belief---PuritanismPuritanswantedto“purifythechurch”toitsoriginalstate,bec
3、ausetheythoughtthechurchwascorruptedandhadtoomanyritualsDoctrinesofPuritanstakingreligionasthemostimportantthing;livingforglorifyingGod;believingpredestination（命运天定）,originalsin(原罪，人生下来就是有罪的，因为人类的祖先亚当和夏娃是有罪的),totaldepravity(人类是完全堕落的，所以人要处处小心自己的行为，要尽可能做到最好以取悦上帝),limitedatonement(有限救赎，只
4、有被上帝选中的人才能得到上帝的拯救)AmericanPuritanismFeaturesofAmericanPuritan（theywouldbuildthenewlandtoanEdenonearth.)idealistdreammorepractical,tougher(thesevereconditions)struggleforsurvivalpreoccupiedwithbusinessandprofitsItisoneofthemostenduringshapinginfluencesinAmericanthoughtandAmericanLitera
5、ture.First,itisabranchofProtestantismholdingtheteachingsofCalvinism,believingthathumanbeingsarebasicallyevil,andcoulddonothingaboutit,andmany,althoughnotall,willsurelybecondemnedtohell.PeopleshouldtrytotrytopleaseGodbyworkinghard,beingthrifty,pious,andsober.Itismoreacodeofvalues,aphil
6、osophyoflifeandapointofviewthanakindofreligion,stressinghardwork,thrift,piety,andsobriety.Itisopposedtosocialpleasuresandindulgences.PuritanismAmericanPuritanism③Influencingthestyleofliterature:simple,freshanddirect(justasthestyleofHolyBible)WithoutunderstandingofPuritanism,therecanbe
7、nogoodunderstandingofAmericancultureandliterature.AmericanPuritanismEnduringshapinginfluenceinliterature①BasisofAmericanliteraturedreamedoflivingunderaperfectorderworkedwithcouragehopedtobuildaGardenofEdenonearthfacedtheworstoflifewithoptimismAllliteratureisbasedonamyth–gardenofEden.w
8、entin
