Language acquisition

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1、Topic10FirstLanguageAcquisition&SecondLanguageAcquisitionWangLijuanLinguistics10.1LanguageAcquisitiononeofthecentraltopicsinpsycholinguisticsLanguageacquisitionreferstochildren’sdevelopmentoftheirmothertongue,thatis,thenativelanguageofthecommunityinwhichachildhasbee

2、nbroughtup.Thedevelopmentofafirstlanguage(L1)iscalledfirstlanguageacquisition(FLA).Thedevelopmentofasecondlanguage(L2)iscalledsecondlanguageacquisition(SLA).10.2FirstlanguageacquisitiontheoriesL1learnersandL2learnersfollowasimilarrouteoflanguagedevelopment;L1developm

3、entandL2developmentdonotinvolveidenticalprocesses.Thenatureoflanguageacquisitionisstillanopenquestion.10.2.1Thetabularasahypothesis白板假说Humanbeingscannotknowanythingthatisnotobservableandthattheinfant’smindatbirthisablankslatetobewrittenonbyexperience.Behavioristsclai

4、mthatchildrenacquiretheirfirstlanguagethroughachainof“stimulus–response–imitation–reinforcement”.RepresentedbyB.F.Skinner.Languagelearningisahabit-formingprocess.Preliminarysteps:imitation,practiceKey:discrimination,generalizationSupposeababyishungry,shebabbles;shedo

5、esnotpronouncetherightsoundforthethingshewants:shegetscorrected,sheimitatesthecorrectsoundandgetsunderstood;shegetsthethingshewants.Behavioristsbelievethatalltheinternallinguisticknowledgeoftheindividualisthedirectresultofintegrationofthelinguisticeventsthattheindivi

6、dualhasobserved.Anylimitationsinbehaviorism?Limitations:Howtoexplainthatchildrenimitatewordsselectivelyandaccordingtotheirownunderstandingsofthesoundsorpatterns?Howtoexplainthatchildrendoproducemanyutterancesthattheyarenotexposedto?Howtoexplainthatchildren’sacquisiti

7、onofcomplexlanguagesystem?Thefollowingistherecordingofanadult’srepeatedbutpointlesscorrectionsofachild’swrongformofthepasttenseof“hold”.Itrefutestheimitationandreinforcetheories.Child:Myteacher*holdedthebabyrabbitsandwepattedthem.Adult:Didyousayyourteacherheldthebaby

8、rabits?Child:Yes.Adult:Whatdidyousayshedid?Child:She*holdedthebabyrabbitsandwepattedthem.Adult:Didyousaysheheldthemtightly?Child:No