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1、脑小血管病——概念与治疗杜万良北京天坛医院神经内科2014.11.15脑小血管注射硫酸钡的标本。白质中央血管密度低。Salamon,N.,Neuroimagingofcerebralsmallvesseldisease.BrainPathol,2014.24(5):p.519-24.脑小血管注射硫酸钡的标本。供应胼胝体的小分支。Salamon,N.,Neuroimagingofcerebralsmallvesseldisease.BrainPathol,2014.24(5):p.519-24.脑小血管病的分类急性:卒中慢性:痴呆腔隙综合征腔
2、隙综合征(1)纯运动性轻偏瘫(PMH)最常见。病灶可发生在内囊、脑桥、大脑脚、基底节、大脑皮质、放射冠等处。(2)纯感觉性卒中(PSS)病灶位于丘脑腹后核,通常为大脑后动脉的丘脑穿通支梗死所致。少数病例可由脊髓丘脑束、丘脑皮质束的病灶所致,也可因病灶侵及整个丘脑的外侧及内囊后肢的放射冠而引起。(3)感觉运动性卒中(SMS)病灶位于丘脑腹后外侧核和内囊后肢,通常由大脑后动脉的丘脑穿通支或脉络膜后动脉闭塞所致。(4)共济失调轻偏瘫(HAH)病灶发生在脑桥基底部或内囊,放射冠、小脑等处也可发生。(5)构音不良-手笨拙综合征(DHS)病灶位于脑桥基
3、底部的上1/3和2/3交界处或内囊最上部分的膝部。脑小血管病的分类微出血血管周围间隙扩大白质疏松腔隙MR表现Wardlaw,J.M.,etal.,Neuroimagingstandardsforresearchintosmallvesseldiseaseanditscontributiontoageingandneurodegeneration.TheLancetNeurology,2013.12(8):p.822-838.急性腔梗的1年演变Wardlaw,J.M.,C.Smith,andM.Dichgans,Mechanismsofspo
4、radiccerebralsmallvesseldisease:insightsfromneuroimaging.LancetNeurol,2013.12(5):p.483-97.腔隙常在白质高信号边缘Duering,M.,etal.,Incidentlacunespreferentiallylocalizetotheedgeofwhitematterhyperintensities:insightsintothepathophysiologyofcerebralsmallvesseldisease.Brain,2013.136(Pt9):
5、p.2717-26.一名75岁男性,短暂性神经症状发作后1周出现症状性左侧额叶出血Charidimou,A.,J.C.Baron,andD.J.Werring,Transientfocalneurologicalepisodes,cerebralamyloidangiopathy,andintracerebralhemorrhagerisk:lookingbeyondTIAs.IntJStroke,2013.8(2):p.105-8.SVDscore(range0–4)男性(OR1.58,95%CI1.10–2.29),高血压(OR1.50
6、,95%CI1.02–2.20),吸烟(OR2.81,95%CI1.59–3.63),腔隙性卒中(OR2.45,95%CI1.70–3.54)与SVDScore相关.脑萎缩与SVDScore无关Staals,J.,etal.,Strokesubtype,vascularriskfactors,andtotalMRIbrainsmall-vesseldiseaseburden.Neurology,2014.83(14):p.1228-34.脑小血管病的分类动脉硬化性血管炎遗传性肿瘤性感染性药物相关性一名CADASIL(伴皮质下梗死和脑白质病的
7、常染色体显性遗传性脑动脉病)患者56岁和66岁的影像Salamon,N.,Neuroimagingofcerebralsmallvesseldisease.BrainPathol,2014.24(5):p.519-24.一名66岁的女性CADASIL患者Salamon,N.,Neuroimagingofcerebralsmallvesseldisease.BrainPathol,2014.24(5):p.519-24.COL4A1突变47岁无症状COL4A1突变患者(A,C,E,G,I,J)。57岁CADASIL患者。一名HERNS(伴有视
8、网膜病-肾病-卒中的遗传性内皮细胞病)患者早期曾被误诊为多发性硬化Salamon,N.,Neuroimagingofcerebralsmallvesseldisease.Brai