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ID:42797793
大小:1.94 MB
页数:75页
时间:2019-09-22
《英语专业词汇学Chapter5》由会员上传分享,免费在线阅读,更多相关内容在行业资料-天天文库。
1、Chapter5ChangeofmeaningWarming-upVocabularyisthemostunstableelementofalanguageasitisundergoingconstantchangesbothinformandcontent.Comparatively,thecontentisevenmoreunstablethantheform.Thischapterwilldealwiththemajorpatternsthatchangesinmeaningfollowandthecausesofchanges.Content1.Polysem
2、y2.TypesofsemanticchangeAssignmentReviewChapter5ExercisesinChapter5PreviewChapter6TheEnd1.PolysemyDefinition:thesamewordmayhavetwoormoredifferentmeanings1)SourcesofpolysemyA.ShiftsinapplicationWordshaveanumberofdifferentaspectsaccordingtothecontextinwhichtheyareused.1)SourcesofpolysemyB
3、.Specializationinasocialmilieu(背景)Polysemyoftenarisesthroughakindofverbalshorthand.Forexample,“action”means“legalaction”foralawyer;amilitaryoperationforasoldier.Namely,thesamewordmayacquireanumberofspecializedsenses,onlyoneofwhichwillbeapplicableinagivenmilieu.1)SourcesofpolysemyC.Figur
4、ativelanguageAwordcanbegivenoneormorefigurativesenseswithoutlosingitsoriginalmeaning.Forexample,thebedofariver,asaddleinthemountains(basedonmetaphor).2)Primarymeaning&derivativemeaningPrimarymeaningreferstowhatawordoriginallymeantandthederivativemeaningreferstothemeaningspringingfromthe
5、originalmeaning.Forexample,place.3)Centralmeaning&secondarymeaningRadiation:animportantprocessbywhichwordsextendtheirmeaning.Theprimaryorcentralmeaningappearsatthecenterintheformofahubandsecondarymeaningsradiateoutfromitlikethespokeofawheel.Example:seeP90FurthernotesonCentralmeaning&se
6、condarymeaningEachofthesecondarymeaningisindependentofalltherest,andmaybetracedbacktothecentralsignification.Forexample,power(abilitytoact)→controloverone’ssubordinate;delegatedauthority;physicalstrength;Concatenation:opposedtoradiation,meansawordmovesgraduallyawayfromitsoriginalsenseas
7、aresultofsuccessivesemanticchangesuntilthereisnotatraceofconnectionbetweenthesensethatisfinallydevelopedandtheprimarysense.Forexample,candidate.2.Typesofsemanticchange1)Generalization/Extensionofmeaning2)Specialization/Restrictionofmeaning3)Elevation/Ameliorationofmeaning4)Degr
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