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ID:42671303
大小:69.00 KB
页数:9页
时间:2019-09-19
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1、Ps:老师给的资料涂红部分,句子、段落翻译。Chapterone:TheEvolutionofModernUrbanPlanningFacingwiththeurgentneedofpost-warreconstruction,1950s’urbanplanningshowedapatternorientedtowardrecoveryandeconomicdevelopment.Planningbecameprimarilyconcernedwithindustrialdevelopment,jobcreationandhousingprovision.Howev
2、er,plannerswithnobackgroundofeconomicandsocialtrainingcouldn’tbesensitivetothewidereconomic,politicalandsocialcomplexitiesofurbanplanning.Soplanningstillemphasizedmoreonphysicalland-usethantorespondthedemandofpost-warreconstruction.面对战后重建的迫切需要,20世纪50年代城市规划主要面向战后重建和经济发展。规划变成首要关注工业发展,工作创
3、造和住房供给。然而,规划者在没有经济背景和社会阅历,对更广阔的经济、政治和社会下复杂的城市规划不敏感。因此规划更加强调自然土地的使用超过响应战后重建的要求。TrendsinModernUrbanPlanningofUSUrbanplanningintheUnitedStatesisquitedifferentthanelsewhere.Sincetheyareafederaldemocracy,theydonothavethecentralizednationalplanningthatprovidestheframeworkintowhichlocalplanni
4、ngmustfit.IthasnotbeenpopulartosuggestthiscentralizedapproachsincemostAmericansabhorbiggovernment.Thus,the50statesemergeasthehighestlevelsforplanning,andsometimestheyaresubdividedintoregionalplanningareas.美国的城市规划完全不同于其他地方,因为他们是一个联邦制明主国家,他们没有中央集权式的国家级规划提供地方规划必须合适的框架。由于大多数美国人厌恶大政府这表明这种中央
5、集权的方式是不受欢迎的。因此,50个州联合起来形成最高级别的规划,并且有时他们被细分为区域规划区Inboththedeclinemanagementandgrowthcontrolcontexts,thepreservationofsignificanthistoricareasandbuildingsisamajortrendinurbanplanning.Therehasbeenalamentableinsensitivitytohistoricpreservationuntilfairlyrecenttimes,whenAmericanscametoreali
6、zethathistoricareasandbuildingswerebeingdestroyedandthataheritagewasbeinglostforever,Mostcitiesandstatesnowhavevitalpreservationprogramsthatseektopreservewhatistrulysignificant.Agreatnumberofprogramsandincentiveshavearisentocontroldemolitionandencourageconservation.在抑制衰退和控制发展的背景下,对历史古迹
7、的保护是城市规划的一个主要的发展趋势。直到这些年,美国人开始意识到历史区域和建筑被摧毁那些文化遗产将永远失去,才可悲的对历史遗迹的保护敏感,大部分城市和州有着至关重要的保护项目,寻求保护这些项目是真的具有重大意义的。Formanyyearsurbanplanningplayedaregulatoryrolesinceitdealtwithwaystoensureconformitytopublicmasterplansandzoningordinances.Thisregulatoryfunctionoftenresultedinlitigationwhenpr
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