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1、EuphemismLecturer--zhouweiHeisabicycledoctor.”此句不能译作:"他是个骑单车的医生",因句中的doctor是委婉语(euphemism),是某种职业的美称,故不作"医生"解,而是表示repairman的涵义,因此应翻译为"他是个自行车修理工."常用委婉语举例原称 委婉语无线电修理工radioelectrician radiodoctor理发师barbercosmotologist家庭妇女housewife
2、 householdexecutive收垃圾工人garbagecollector sanitaryengineer老人oldpeople seniorcitizensOutlineI.Introduction1.1DefinitionofEuphemism1.2TheFeaturesofEuphemism1.3TheFunctionsofEuphemism1.4thewayshoweuphemismcomeintobeingII.TheApplicationofEuphemismIII.ACom
3、parisonofEuphemismbetweenEnglishandChineseIV.TranslationStrategiesofEuphemismI.Introduction1.1Definition:EuphemismisoriginatedfromtheancientGreek“euphemismos,”inwhichtheprefix“eu”means“good”or“elegant”andtheroot“pheme”means“speaking”or“words”.TheRandomHouseCollegeDictionaryde
4、finesitas“asubstitutionofamild,indirect,orvagueexpressionforonethoughttobeoffensive,harshorblunt.”《语言与语言学词典》把委婉语定义为“用一种不明说的、能使人感到愉快的或含糊的说法,代替具有令人不悦的含义或不够尊敬的表达方法”.Euphemism一词源于希腊语，由吉利话（Wordsofgoodomen）的意思，现在普遍使用的委婉语定义是“温和，含糊和迂回的说法对粗俗、生硬和直率的替代”。委婉语起源于远古,维多利来女王时代中期为其鼎盛时期,在现代英语中,
5、其出现频率依然颇高,因为人们通过委婉语,可以用温顺悦耳的词语去谈论或叙述一些原来令人不快或逆耳之事物.为此,他们用domestichelp,dayhelp或live-inhelp代替mail或servant(佣人);以custodian或superintendent替代doorkeeper,caretaker或janitor(看门人或管理人);用Shehasatileloose或Shehasacylindermissing去代替Sheiscrazy或Sheisnotrightinthehead(神经失常).1.2Features1.2.1Time
6、.Thesameobjectmayhavedifferentexpressionsindifferenttimes.Forexample,“trousers”hadseveralsubstitutionsas“indescribables,unspeakables,sit-upon’s”andsoonseveralhundredyearsago.Thefollowingstake“pregnant”asanexampletoillustratethechangesofeuphemismindifferenttimes.1)Shehascancel
7、edallhersocialengagements.(1856)2)Sheisinaninterestingcondition.(1890)3)Sheisinadelicatecondition.(1895)4)Sheisknittinglittlebooties.(1910)5)Sheisinafamilyway.(1920)6)Sheisexpecting.(1935)7)Sheispregnant.(1956)More1.2.2Regional.Forexample,“沉”isatabooalongtheseasideregions,thu
8、stheboatownerwhosefamilynameis“陈”isoftensegmentedinto“耳东”.InTianjing
