19_Basic Principles of Speech Synthesis

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1、413PartD19.BasicPrinciplesofSpeechSynthesisBasicPrincip19J.Schroeter19.2SpeechRepresentationsSpeechsynthesisenablesvoiceoutputbymachinesandSignalProcessingordevices.Text-to-speech(TTS)synthesisdoessoforConcatenativeSynthesis...................421byusingtextasinput.Eversince

2、thetalkingma-19.2.1Time-DomainPitchSynchronouschinebyvonKempelenin1791[19.1],researchersOverlapAdd(TD-PSOLA).................422andtechnologistshaveendeavoredtomakema-19.2.2LPC-BasedSynthesis.....................423chinestalk.Thefirstelectronicsynthesis,Homer19.2.3Sinusoidal

3、Synthesis.....................423Dudley’sVoder(VoiceCoder),wasdemonstratedatthe1939WorldFairinNewYorkCity[19.2].Today,19.3SpeechSignalTransformationPrinciples.423TTSsystemsenjoywideuseinassistivetechnolo-19.3.1ProsodyTransformationPrinciples..424gies,telecommunications,ente

4、rtainment,and19.3.2PrincipleMethodseducation.Inthischapterwewillreviewtheba-forChangingSpeakersicprinciplesofthistechnology,whichservesasCharacteristicsanintroductiontolaterchaptersthatprovidetheandSpeakingStyle.......................424readerwithmore-detailedinformation.19

5、.4SpeechSynthesisEvaluation..................42519.1TheBasicComponentsofaTTSSystem....41319.5Conclusions..........................................42619.1.1TTSFrontend................................41319.1.2TTSBackend.................................415References...........

6、.......................................42619.1TheBasicComponentsofaTTSSystemAsimpleblockdiagramofatext-to-speech(TTS)sys-andpauses.AlthoughpresentedhereinasimplelineartemisdepictedinFig.19.1.Thefrontendontheleftsequenceofsteps,manyofthetasksofaTTSfron-islogicallyseparatedfr

7、omthesynthesizerbackendontendactuallyrelyonspeciÞcinformationcreatedintheright.Thefrontendworksonasymboliclevel,tak-latersteps.Therefore,thesequenceofstepspresentedingtextasinputandcreatingcontrolinformationasitshereisonlythemostcommonlyusedwithdifferentin-output.Thesynthes

8、isbackendusesthecontrolinforma-terdependencieshandledasexceptionsand/orresultingti