《雅典悲劇的發展》PPT课件

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1、雅典悲劇的發展關鍵詞酒神祭(Dionysia)酒神頌(dithyramb)(悲劇)演員(Thespian)情節(plot)版權所有©2008呂健忠二、雅典的酒神祭OfferingsmadebeforeanimageofDionysus5thcenturyBCInthesixthcenturyBC,thetyrantofAthensPisistratussoughttosolidifythesupportofthecommonpeopleagainstrivalaristocrats. Onemeasurehe

2、employedtoachievethisendwastogiveprominencetotheworshipoftheimmenselypopularnaturegodDionysus.PisistratustransformedtraditionalruralfestivalsinhonorofDionysus,intoagrandurbanfestivalcalledtheGreatorCityDionysia,whichgraduallygrewinstaturetosuchadegreethatitbec

3、ameaninternationalfestival,vyingwiththeOlympicsinprestigeandpopularity.ThefestivalbeganwithaprocessionescortinganidolrepresentingDionysusfromthetownofEleutheraiontheboundarybetweenAtticaandBoeotiatothesacredprecinctinAthensthatincludedatheaterandtemplededicate

4、dtoDionysus. TheprocessionwasincommemorationoftheintroductionofDionysus’sworshipintoAthensinthedistantpast.(continuedfromdescriptions,2-1)Theidolwasactuallyawoodenshaftwithamaskattached,garlandedwithivy-perhapsthemostcommonwayofdepictingDionysusintheGreekworld

5、. HereweseeamaskofthegodDionysusandclothinghangingonapole,muchinthemannerofascarecrow. Threewomendressedasmaenads(femaleworshippersofDionysus)surroundtheidol. Themaenadontheleftoftheidolisladlingwineintoadrinkingcup,whiletheothertwomaenadsdanceecstatically. Th

6、emaenadontherightisplayingatambourine.ThisrepresentationofDionysuswassetinthetheatersothatthedithyrambsandtragicandcomicdramascouldbeperformedinfrontofit. Thesemusicalanddramaticperformanceswereoriginallyintendedasactsofworshipratherthanpureentertainment. Acco

7、rdingly,thechiefhumanspectatoristhepriestofDionysus,whoalongwithotherpriestsandhighofficials,satinspecialseatsrightattheedgeoftheorchestrainanareacalledtheprohedria,‘front-seating’.(2-2)節慶由酒神顯靈揭開序幕第一天稱作「開瓶日」，象徵酒神誕生第二天早上遊行，這是官方的活動Phallicprocessionsignifiestheo

8、riginsofcomedy.Sixmenarecarryingaphalluspole,whilealargerfigureabovethemisridingathickerphalluspole. Theridingfigurehasaprotrudingstomachandrearend,whichareprobablytheresultofweari