比较教育学重点

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1、Chapter2MajorTheoriesinComparativeEducationLIntroductionA.ModernistPerspectivesStmctural-fiinctionalismvs・Marxism>Similarities:a)StemfromcommonantecedentsintheWesternEnlightenmentEra>Differences:Structural-functionalism:envisions展望consensus一致andequilibrium均衡tobehallmarks印记ofsocialintercourse交流a

2、ndhumanprogress,andseesstability稳定性asnaturalanddesirabl令人满意的e.Marxism:questionsthepossibilityofconsensus,critiquetheauthenticity真实,性ofapparentconsensus,andassertthatconflictratherthanstabilityistheoverriding高于一切白勺catalystforsocialchange.B.PostmodernistandPoststmcturalistPerspectives>Denyrationa

3、listexplanations,challengeandquestionmodernization>Questionthepossibilityof"masternarratives^大叙事orencompassingtheoreticalarguments>Focusonotherwisemarginalized边缘彳匕alternativeperspectives>Rejectpredictabilityasgoalfortheory2.StmctuFal・functionalism>Stabilityandequilibrium,beingcentralwithinthest

4、ructural-functionalistanalysis,reflectthetheory'sidentityasaconsensusperspective.A.WhatisStmctural・fiinctionalism>ThreeMajorCharacteristicsofStTiicturaI・fiinctionalisma)Unitary统一的：Structural-functionalism^sidentityasaconsensustheoryisbuiltontheconvictionthatsocietyisunitaryandthatthebuildingand

5、preservationofagreementistheprefeiredandmostpowerfulsocialforce.b)Coherence连贯寸生：notonlyasaunituntoitselfbutalsointermsoftherelationshipsthatexistamongitsvariouselements.SocialinstitutionsarenotjustacollectiveofDeoplEbut,mthei;anentity实体havingclearpurposeandpotentialtofulfillsocialneeds,especial

6、lysocialsolidarity.a)Stability:workingtowardsharmonyanditsownself-preservation,anditsownrelianceonthemotionofequilibriumasafundamentaltraitofsociety,andsocialprogressispredictablylinea匚>Structural-functionalismisaframeworkforbuildingtheorythatseessocietyasacomplexsystemwhosepartsworktogethertop

7、romotesolidarityandstability.Thisapproachlooksatsocietythroughamacro・levelorientation,whichisabroadfocusonthesocialstructuresthatshapesocietyasawhole,andbelievesthatsocietyhasevolvedlikeorganisms.B・CriticismStructural-functionalis