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1、《科技英语》综合复习资料PartIReadingComprehensionPassage1Geologyisanaturalscience・Withitmencandiscoverallkindsofusefulminerals・Geologystudiestheearth.Butofthethreespheres,theatmosphere,thehydrosphereandthelithosphere,itonlydirectlystudiesthelithosphere.Itstudiesthecompositionanddistributionofmater
2、ialintheearth'scrust.Itstudiesalsotheformation,changesanddevelopmentofrocksandmineralsintheearth'scrust.Geologyisaverycomplexscience・Therearemanybranchesingeology・Mineralogyisthescienceoftheminerals.Petrologyisthescienceoftherocks・Geomorphologydealswithoriginoflandscapesandchangesinthe
3、m・Historicalgeologytracestheevolutionanddevelopmentoftheearthandoftheanimalsandplantsonit.Stratigraphystudiesthesequenceoftherocksintheearth'scrust.Paleontologydealswiththeancientanimalsandplants.Thesearejustafewofthemostimportantbranchesofgeology.Geologyisaveryimportantscience・Wedepen
4、dupongeologyforthediscoveryofmineraldepositsneededbythevariousindustries.Alotofmineralsareusedasfuelandrawmaterials.Withoutthemindustrializationisimpossible.Mineralsarealsousedasfertilizersinagriculture.Chinaisveryrichinmineraldepositsofallkinds.Thestudyofgeologywillhelpustodiscoverthe
5、m.Petroleumoccurswidelyintheearthasgas,liquid,semisolid,orsolid,orinmorethanoneofthesestatesatasingleplace・Chemicallyanypetroleumisanextremelycomplexmixtureofhydrocarbon(hydrogenandcarbon)compounds,withminoramountsofnitrogen,oxygen,andsulfurasimpurities.Liquidpetroleum,whichiscalledcru
6、deoiltodistinguishitfromrefinedoil,isthemostimportantcommercially.Itconsistschieflyoftheliquidhydrocarbons,withvaryingamountsofdissolvedgases,bitumens,andimpurities.Petroleumgas,commonlycallednaturalgastodistinguishitfrommanufacturedgas,consistsofthelighterparaffinhydrocarbons,ofwhicht
7、hemostabundantismethanegas(CH4).Thesemisolidandsolidformsofpetroleumconsistoftheheavyhydrocarbonsandbitumens.Geologyplaysanimportantroleinthesearchforoilandnaturalgas.Fourprerequisitesarenecessaryforoil(andgas)toaccumulateincommercialquantitiesinanarea:(1)Theoiloriginatesinasourcebed
