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1、雅思语法——形容词性从句定语从句(AttributiveClauses),在句中作定语,其作用是修饰主句的某个名词性成分,相当于形容词,所以又称为形容词性从句。通常定语从句皆置于它所修饰的名词或代词之后,被修饰的名词或代词叫做先行词(antecedent),而引导定语从句的词称为关联词。关联词常有3个作用:连接作用,引导定语从句;代替先行词;在定语从句中担当一个成分。关联词为关系代词和关系副词。关系代词在定语从句中可以用作主语、宾语、定语等;关系副词在定语从句中只用作状语。如:★Onefactorwhichmayhelpensurethats
2、omeendangeredlanguagesdonotdieoutcompletelyispeople’sincreasingappreciationoftheirculturalidentity.(whichmayhelpensurethatsomeendangeredlanguagesdonotdieoutcompletely是关系代词which引导的定语从句,用以修饰which的先行词factor,which在从句中用作主语)★Andeveninregionswherenewprojectsseemwarranted,wemustfin
3、dwaystomeetdemandswithfewerresources,respectingecologicalcriteriaandtoasmallerbudget.(wherenewprojectsseemwarranted是关系副词where引导的定语从句,用以修饰where的先行词regions,where在从句中用作地点状语)定语从句一般紧跟在其先行词之后。如:★Foodproductionhaskeptpacewithsoaringpopulationsmainlybecauseoftheexpansionofartificia
4、lirrigationsystemsthatmakepossiblethegrowthof40%oftheworld’sfood.(关系代词that引导的定语从句紧跟其先行词artificialirrigationsystems之后)有时也可以与先行词分离。如:★Anewteacherwillcometomorrow,whowillteachyouChinese.(关系代词who引导的定语从句与其先行词teacher分离)8用作关联词的关系代词有that,which,who,whom,whose,as等,但在此提醒考生们绝对没有“what”。
5、who,whom,whose指人,who是主格,在定语从句中用作主语(在非正式英语中也可以用作宾语,并且用作宾语时可以省去不用);whom是宾格,在定语从句中用作宾语(也可以省去不用);whose是属格,在定语从句中用作定语(有时也可以指物)。如:★TheAmericanzoologistDonaldGriffin,whowaslargelyresponsibleforthediscoveryofsonarinbats,coinedtheterm‘echolocation’tocoverbothsonarandradar,whetheruse
6、dbyanimalsorbyhumaninstruments.(主格关系代词who在从句中作主语)★Themanwhohetalkedaboutisaprofessor.(在非正式英语中who代替了whom,也可以省去不用)★Hedoesn’tlikethegirlwhomyoureferto.(宾格关系代词whom在从句中用作宾语,也可以省去不用)★Thechildrenwhoseparentsgiveprioritytoworkmayfeellonelyandalienated.(属格关系代词whose在定语从句中用作定语,指人)★The
7、carwhosewheelshavebeenstolenwasboughtyesterday.(属格关系代词whose在定语从句中用作定语,指物,即car,可以用ofwhich代替,但后者较为正式)That在定语从句中既可以用作主语,也可以用作宾语(在非正式文体中可省去);既可以指人,也可以指物。如:★Thesemethodsincludestrengthtrainingthatduplicatewhattheyaredoingintheirrunningeventsaswellasplyometrics,atechniquepioneere
8、dintheformerSovietUnion.(关系代词that在定语从句中用作主语,指物)★Putanotherway,basicheath-careisnow