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1、什么是名词性从句、形容词性从句？名词性从句在句子中起名词作用的句子叫名词从句(NounClauses）。名词从句的功能相当于名词词组,它在复合句中能担任主语、宾语、表语、同位语、介词宾语等，因此根据它在句中不同的语法功能，名词从句又可分别称为主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句。形容词性从句--定语从句用来修饰名词,代词,句子等,在句中的作用相当于形容词,故称为形容词性从句.定语从句分为限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句.限制性定语从句对被修饰词起到限制,修饰的作用,一般不可缺少.非限制性定语
2、从句起补充,附带说明作用,缺少也不会影响全句的理解.e.g.Shesaidshehadfinishedherwork,whichIdoubtedverymuch.I'vegotsomepersonalaffairsthatIhavetodealwith.定语从句常用关系词关系代词:who,whom,whose,that,which,as等(在句中作主,表,宾,定等成分)关系副词:where(onwhich),when(inwhich),why(forwhich)(在句中作状语)关联词:that(
3、引导表示方式,时间的定语从句)e.g.Inthisearthquake,thenumberofpeoplewholosthomesreachedasmanyas250,000.IhavemanygoodfriendstowhomIamgoingtosendpostcards.You'retheonlypersonwhoseadvicehemightlistento.Theriverwhichrunsthroughthecenterofthecitybringsusalotofpleasure.H
4、ehasgivenusasmuchadviceashecan.Potatocanbegrowninplaceswhereitistoocoldtogrowrice.Idon'tliketheway(that)youtreatus.定语从句引导词的选择取决于先行词(被修饰词)在定语从句中的位置,成分.e.g.ThepeoplewhomwhothatyoumetinthecampusarefromAustralia.(作宾语)Thiswasthetimewhenatwhichsheleftfo
5、rBeijing.Theplacewhichheoftenvisitsisalwaysfullofartists.使用要点1.关系代词在从句中作主语时,不能省略.e.g.Theclassroomthatisonthefourthfloorispoorlyequipped.2.关系代词在从句中作宾语且前面没有介词时,常可省略.e.g.Thisisthegirlwithwhomheworks.3.关系副词在定语从句中不可省略.e.g.IhavecometoexplainthereasonwhyIwa
6、sabsentfromthemeeting.4.只用that,不用which的情况:当先行词有序数词或形容词最高级修饰时;当先行词前有theonly,thevery,thelast等词修饰时;当先行词为anything,nothing,something,everything,all,little,much等不定代词修饰时;当先行词前有all,every,no,some,any,little,much,few等词修饰时;Itis句型中的引导定语从句时.5.只用which,不用that的情况:引导
7、非限制性定语从句时;引导词前有介词时;一个句子中若有两个定语从句,一个用that引导,另一个用which引导;e.g.Heboughtabookthatcouldgivehimmuchknowledgeandwhichcouldhelphimtokillthetime.6.当those作为先行词指人时,通常只能用who引导;as从句的先行词是thesame,such,或被他们所修饰;多用于表示肯定意义的从句中,不用于表否定意义的从句中.e.g.Manyofthesportsarethesamea
8、stheywerewhentheystarted.Theresultwasnotsuchasheexpected.Itwasraininghard,which(as)wasunexpected.8.介词+关系代词要根据谓语动词的固定搭配e.g.Thisistheevidencewithwhichthecaseisconnected.先行词e.g.I'llneverforgetthedayonwhichwhenIjoinedtheparty.c.句子表达的意思e.g.Thebossinwhose
