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1、20世纪时期戏曲的改良TheyrelyontheWesternizationMovementinthelateQingDynastyandtheintroductionofWesterngunboatstoenhancenationalstrength,resistforeignaggressionideashavedifferentapproachesbutequallysatisfactoryresultswhichisdifferent,thelatteronlyrelyontoolstosavethedestinyoftheChinesenation.In1
2、898Zha.ngZhidongwrote〃PiarTinthe"schoolforthebody,Westernlearningforuse"isatypicalrepresentationofthisidea;theformerismorefundamentallyshakentheChinesesocialdevelopmenttrendintwentiethCentury.Thereformmovementof1898isthefirstofficialconfrontationbetweenwesterncultureandtraditionalcultu
3、reChinese・Thefailureofreform,theQinggovernment，spedanticandstubborn,sothatatthebeginningofthetwentiethCenturyChinamodernliteraticultureunderstandingofChinahasstrongemotionalcolor・Thiskindofdiscontentvent,intheattitudetowardthetraditionalart,themostobviouspersonshouldbeaimedatthefiercew
4、ordsofthedramaart・AsearlyastheendofthenineteenthCentury,thebourgeoisliteratiinitiatedamovementtoimprovethetraditiorialopera・Theliteratiwhoareengagedintheimprovementofoperaarethefirsttothinkoftheenlighteningfunctionoftraditionalopera・YanFuwasthefirsttopayattentiontotheimportanceofnovels
5、andoperas・In1897,hepublishedinthe"TianjinNewsnewspaper"thenews〃newspaperprintedShuobuorigin"analysis"CaoLiu,CuiZhang,onlythebiography^,realizetheoperafeaturesuser-friendly,popular,theopera"asanimportanttooltomakethepeoplecivilized〃・In1902,LiangQichaopointedoutinthe〃newnovels",published
6、〃ontherelationbetweennovelandsociety",themajorityofpeoplethoughtfromfictiondnddrama,tomakethenationalinnovationmusttakeonanaltogethernewaspectnovelsanddramas・Afterthefailureofthereform,theirnovelsandoperasareincreasinglyraised,expectwiththetwokindsofpopulararttorefresh,refresh,refresht
7、hereligiousmoralpolitics,refreshpeople・In1904,ChenChaonanandothersfoundedthefirststagedramainChinesehistory,〃thebigstageintwentiethCentury"、LiuYaziwrotetheforewordebullienceaffirmedthesocialfunctionofopera,opera"torelyontobuildanindependentcountry,hitthelibertybell",claimingthat〃tore
