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1、EngineeringEconomyLecture3:CostEstimationTechniques3:CostEstimationTechniques成本（投资、效益）估算技术Copyright©2012byPearsonEducation,Inc.EngineeringEconomy,FifteenthEditionUpperSaddleRiver,NewJersey07458ByWilliamG.Sullivan,ElinM.Wicks,andC.PatrickKoellingAllrightsreserved.TheobjectiveofLecture3istopre
2、sentvarihiousmethoddsfforestimatingimportantfactorsinestimatingimportantfactorsinanengineeringeconomystudyanengineeringeconomystudy.第3讲的目的是介绍在工程经济研究中要素的不同估算方法Copyright©2012byPearsonEducation,Inc.EngineeringEconomy,FifteenthEditionUpperSaddleRiver,NewJersey07458ByWilliamG.Sullivan,ElinM.Wicks
3、,andC.PatrickKoellingAllrightsreserved.Estimatingthefuturecashflowsforfeasiblealternativesisacriticalstepinengineeringeconomyalternativesisacriticalstepinengineeringeconomystudies.Estimatingcosts,revenues,usefullives,residualvaluesandotherpertinentdatacanbetheresidualvalues,andotherpertinent
4、datacanbethemostdifficult,expensive,andtime-consumingpartofthestudyofthestudy.为可行的替代方案估计未来现金流量是工程经济研究中的一个关键步骤。估计成本，收入，使用年限，预计净残值和其他相关数据，或许是最困难、昂贵、费时的研究的一部分。Copyright©2012byPearsonEducation,Inc.EngineeringEconomy,FifteenthEditionUpperSaddleRiver,NewJersey07458ByWilliamG.Sullivan,ElinM.Wicks,a
5、ndC.PatrickKoellingAllrightsreserved.ResultsofcostestimatingareusedResultsofcostestimatingareusedforavarietyofpurposes.估算的用途•Settingsellingpricesforquoting,bidding,orevaluatingcontracts.设定销售价格，报价，投标，或评评同估合同•Determiningifaproposedproductcanbemadeanddistributedataprofit.确定拟议的产品是否可以生产、上市并获利润•Ev
6、aluatinghowmuchcapitalcanbejustifiedforchangesandimprovements.评估变更和改进花费多少资金为合理•SttiSettingbenchmarkkfsforproddtiitiuctivityimprovementprograms.为生产率改进计划设置基准Copyright©2012byPearsonEducation,Inc.EngineeringEconomy,FifteenthEditionUpperSaddleRiver,NewJersey07458ByWilliamG.Sullivan,ElinM.Wicks,an
7、dC.PatrickKoellingAllrightsreserved.ThetwofundamentalapproachesareThetwofundamentalapproachesare“top-down”and“bottom-up.”•Top-downuseshistoricaldatafromsimilarppojecs.rojects.Itissbesusedweaeavesaesbestusedwhenalternativesarestillbeingdevelopedandr
