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1、SHEUNG-TAKCHENGACRITICALREVIEWOFCHINESEKORO1ABSTRACT.Koroisgenerallyconsideredaculture-boundpsychiatricsyndrome,thedominantfeatureofwhichisanxietyordissociation.AcloseexaminationofkoroepidemicsinChina,wherekorocasesappeartobemorefrequentthanotherpartsoftheworld,sho
2、wsthatkorohasasocioculturalcomponentwhichhasnotbeensufficientlytakenintoaccountinpreviousformulations.Thisarticleanalyzeskorointhenaturalenvironmentinwhichitappearsanddispelsthenotionofkorobeingindividualpsychopathology.Koro,atleastthewayitismanifestedinChina,isaso
3、cialmaladymaintainedbyculturalbeliefswhichaffectthewholecommunityandnotjustthosediagnosedwithit.Futuredirectionsforresearchintothesubjectarediscussed.INTRODUCTIONKoroisaconditionmostlyfoundinsouthernChinaandSoutheastAsia,whichischaracterizedbycomplaintsofshrinkings
4、exorgansandisbelievedtobefatal.Normally,korooccursonlyasisolatedcases.How-ever,incertainpartsoftheworld,especiallyinChinesesocieties,koroofepidemicproportion,affectinghundredsorthousandsofpeoplewithinashortperiodoftime,hasbeenreported.Themostfrequentreportsofkoroep
5、idemicsintheworldhappenedinHainanIslandandLeizhouPeninsula,GuangdongProvince,China(Moetal.1987;Tsengetal.1988).AnotherChinesesocietywhereakoroepidemichasbeenreportedisSingapore(KoroStudyTeam1969).Asweknow,mostChineseinthiscountryoriginallycamefromthesouthernpartsof
6、China,thusraisingacuriousquestionabouttheconnectionbetweenthatpartofChinaandthekoroexperience.KoroisnotaChineseterm;theChineseequivalentofkoroissuoyang.Theoriginofthewordkoroisuncertain,butitisgenerallybelievedthatkoroisderivedfromsomeMalaytermswhichareassociatedwi
7、ththeturtle'shead(Edwards1985;Gwee1968;Moetal.1987).Theretractionofthepenisintotheabdomenresemblestheturtle'swithdrawalofitsheadintotheshell.InmanyAsiancountries,thepenisisreferredtoastheturtle'shead.2Aglimpseofthemeagerliteratureonkorowouldrevealthefrequentreferen
8、cetokoroasaculture-boundsyndrome(e.g.,Gwee1963;Tan1981;Culture,MedicineandPsychiatry20:67-82,1996.@1996KluwerAcademicPublishers.PrintedintheNethe
