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1、WilliamTyndaleWilliamTyndalecouldspeaksevenlanguagesandwasproficientinancientHebrewandGreek.Hewasapriestwhoseintellectualgiftsanddisciplinedlifecouldhavetakenhimalongwayinthechurch—hadhenothadonecompulsion:toteachEnglishmenandwomenthegoodnewsofjustificationbyfaith.Tyndalehaddiscoveredthisdoctrin
2、ewhenhereadErasmus'sGreekeditionoftheNewTestament.WhatbetterwaytosharethismessagewithhiscountrymenthantoputanEnglishversionoftheNewTestamentintotheirhands?This,infact,becameTyndale'slifepassion,aptlysummedupinthewordsofhismentor,Erasmus:"Christdesireshismysteriestobepublishedabroadaswidelyasposs
3、ible.Iwouldthat[theGospelsandtheepistlesofPaul]weretranslatedintoalllanguages,ofallChristianpeople,andthattheymightbereadandknown."Itwouldbeapassion,though,forwhichTyndalewouldpaydearly.GeniustranslatorHewasanativeofGloucesterandbeganhisstudiesatOxfordin1510,latermovingontoCambridge.By1523hispas
4、sionhadbeenignited;inthatyearhesoughtpermissionandfundsfromthebishopofLondontotranslatetheNewTestament.Thebishopdeniedhisrequest,andfurtherqueriesconvincedTyndaletheprojectwouldnotbewelcomedanywhereinEngland.Tofindahospitableenvironment,hetraveledtothefreecitiesofEurope—Hamburg,Wittenberg,Cologn
5、e,andfinallytotheLutherancityofWorms.There,in1525,hisNewTestamentemerged:thefirsttranslationfromGreekintotheEnglishlanguage.ItwasquicklysmuggledintoEngland,whereitreceivedaless-than-enthusiasticresponsefromtheauthorities.KingHenryVIII,CardinalWolsey,andSirThomasMore,amongothers,werefurious.Itwas
6、,saidMore,"notworthytobecalledChrist'stestament,buteitherTyndale'sowntestamentorthetestamentofhismasterAntichrist."Authoritiesboughtupcopiesofthetranslation(which,ironically,onlyfinancedTyndale'sfurtherwork)andhatchedplanstosilenceTyndale.MeanwhileTyndalehadmovedtoAntwerp,acityinwhichhewasrelati
7、velyfreefrombothEnglishagentsandthoseoftheHolyRoman(andCatholic)Empire.Fornineyearshemanagedwiththehelpoffriendstoevadeauthorities,revisehisNewTestament,andbegintranslatingtheOld.Histranslations,itwouldturnout,becamedecisive