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1、MahatmaGandhiBiographyAnti-WarActivist(1869–1948)MahatmaGandhiwastheprimaryleaderofIndia’sindependencemovementandalsothearchitectofaformofnon-violentcivildisobediencethatwouldinfluencetheworld.WhoWasMahatmaGandhi?MahatmaGandhi(October2,1869toJanuary30,1948)wastheleaderofIndia’sn
2、on-violentindependencemovementagainstBritishruleandinSouthAfricawhoadvocatedforthecivilrightsofIndians.BorninPorbandar,India,GandhistudiedlawandorganizedboycottsagainstBritishinstitutionsinpeacefulformsofcivildisobedience.Hewaskilledbyafanaticin1948.MahatmaGandhiMahatmaGandhiRel
3、igionandBeliefsGandhigrewupworshipingtheHindugodVishnuandfollowingJainism,amorallyrigorousancientIndianreligionthatespousednon-violence,fasting,meditationandvegetarianism.DuringGandhi’sfirststayinLondon,from1888to1891,hebecamemorecommittedtoameatlessdiet,joiningtheexecutivecommi
4、tteeoftheLondonVegetarianSociety,andstartedtoreadavarietyofsacredtextstolearnmoreaboutworldreligions.LivinginSouthAfrica,Gandhicontinuedtostudyworldreligions.“Thereligiousspiritwithinmebecamealivingforce,”hewroteofhistimethere.HeimmersedhimselfinsacredHinduspiritualtextsandadopt
5、edalifeofsimplicity,austerity,fastingandcelibacythatwasfreeofmaterialgoods.Gandhi’sAshram&theIndianCasteSystemIn1915GandhifoundedanashraminAhmedabad,India,thatwasopentoallcastes.Wearingasimpleloinclothandshawl,Gandhilivedanausterelifedevotedtoprayer,fastingandmeditation.Hebecame
6、knownas“Mahatma,”whichmeans“greatsoul.”In1932,Gandhi,atthetimeimprisonedinIndia,embarkedonasix-dayfasttoprotesttheBritishdecisiontosegregatethe“untouchables,”thoseonthelowestrungofIndia’scastesystem,byallottingthemseparateelectorates.ThepublicoutcryforcedtheBritishtoamendtheprop
7、osal.Gandhi’sAssassinationInthelateafternoonofJanuary30,1948,the78-year-oldGandhi,weakenedfromrepeatedhungerstrikes,clungtohistwograndniecesastheyledhimfromhislivingquartersinNewDelhi’sBirlaHousetoaprayermeeting.HinduextremistNathuramGodse,upsetatGandhi’stoleranceofMuslims,knelt
8、beforetheMahatmabeforepullingoutasemiautomaticp
