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1、SurfacePreparationofMetalsPriortoPlatingDr-Ing.N.V.Mandich,CEF,AESFFellowHBMElectrochemical&EngineeringCo.2800BerniceRoadLansing,Illinois60438ABSTRACTGenerallyacceptedasacriticalstepinmostelectroplatingprocesses,surfacepreparationofmetalspriortothemetalelectroplatingispresented.Definitionoftheclean
2、surfaceinfluenceofbasismetalandthechoiceofcleaningmethodsarediscussed.Soak,spray,electrolytic,acid,solventandultrasoniccleaningareelaboratedaswellasaciddipandpicklingsteps.Themechanismsofcleaningactionaredetailed,startingwiththeroleofinorganicbuilders,throughsurfactantsandsolventactions.Thebasicsur
3、factantchemistrywillbediscussedtoprovidetheunderstandingofsoilremoval.Thefundamentalsofformulatingscienceandknow-howarefashionedfordifferenttypesofindustrialformulationsusinganumberoftypicalformulasasappropriateexamples.Becausenumerouspapersandbooksarepublishedoncleaning,anextensivereferencesection
4、andglossaryisprovided761AESFSUR/FIN®2002Proceedings©AESFINTRODUCTIONThemostimportantrequirementinelectroplatingtechnologyiscleanlinessofthesurfacetowhichcoatingsareapplied.Inadditiontothefewinsignificantexclusions,partstobeplatedcannotbeintroducedintoanelectroplatingsolutionwithoutpretreatmentofsom
5、ekind.Thechemicalandphysicalnatureofametallicsurfacehasaverymarkedeffectuponthequalityofanyelectroplatedmetalthatmaybeusedtoprotectit.Thepresenceofgrease,oil,corrosionproducts,dirt,orotherextraneousmaterialaffectstheadherence,continuity,andgeneraldurabilityofplateddeposits.Ingeneral,itmaybesaidthat
6、thecharacterofanelectrodepositisnobetterthanthesurfacetowhichitisapplied,andconsequentlyithascometoberecognizedthattheproductionofprotective,decorativeorfunctionalmetaldepositsofhighqualityisdependentupontheproperandthoroughpretreatmentof1thesurfaceofthebasismetal.Thisinturnrequiresproperequipmenta
7、ndchemistry.Cleaningoperationfrequentlyhasbeenregardedasofminorimportanceand,asaresult,thisphasewithinaplatingoperationalsequencehasreceivedscantattention.However,theever-increasingseverityofcleaningspecifi
