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1、vol.168,no.4theamericannaturalistoctober2006E-NoteDirectandIndirectEffectsofEnvironmentalTemperatureontheEvolutionofReproductiveStrategies:AnInformation-TheoreticApproach1,*1,2,MichaelJ.AngillettaJr.,ChristopherE.Oufiero,andAdamD.Leache´1.DepartmentofEcologyandO
2、rganismalBiology,IndianaStateUniversity,TerreHaute,Indiana47809;Thetheoryofreproductiveallocationdescribesthefactors2.MuseumofVertebrateZoologyandDepartmentofIntegrativethatcontributetovariationinthesizeandnumberofeggsBiology,UniversityofCalifornia,Berkeley,Cal
3、ifornia94720producedbyorganisms(reviewedbyBernardo[1996]andSubmittedAugust12,2005;AcceptedMay1,2006;Roff[2002]).MostofthistheoryreliesontheconceptofElectronicallypublishedAugust29,2006anoptimaleggsize,whichresultsfromopposingselectivepressuresactingatdifferents
4、tagesofthelifecycle.Agreaterallocationofresourcespereggenhancestheper-formanceoftheoffspring,butalesserallocationenhancesthefecundityoftheparent(SmithandFretwell1974;Si-abstract:Forectotherms,environmentaltemperatureaffectsthenervo1999).Ingeneral,environmentsth
5、atretardtheoptimalsizeandnumberofoffspringviamultiplemechanisms.First,temperatureinfluencestheperformanceofoffspring,whichdirectlygrowthofoffspringfavortheproductionoffewerandaffectstheoptimalsizeofoffspring.Second,temperatureinfluenceslargereggsbecauseoftheresul
6、tingincreaseintheper-maternalbodysize,whichindirectlyaffectstheoptimalsizeand/orformanceofoffspring(SiblyandCalow1983;TaylorandnumberofoffspringwhenlargerfemalesacquiremoreenergeticWilliams1984).Butthestateofthemothercanmatterasresourcesorprovidebetterparentalc
7、are.Althoughtraditionalsta-muchasthestateoftheenvironment.Largermotherstisticalapproachesmightdistinguishtherelativeimportanceoftheseoftenhavegreaterlipidstores,higherfeedingrates,largereffects,aninformation-theoreticapproachenablesonetoestimateeffectsmoreaccur
8、atelybyidentifyingthebestevolutionarymodelbodycavities,widerbodyopenings,andmoreparentalinasetofcandidatemodels.Here,weusetheAkaikeInformationexperience;allofthesetraitstend
