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1、心 理 学 报 2004,36(4):464～475ActaPsychologicaSinicaTheDevelopmentofFluidIntelligence:Evidencefor3theRoleofWorkingMemorybutnotProcessingSpeedLiuChang(InstituteofPsychology,NanjingNormalUniversity,Nanjing210097,China)AbstractThisstudyrecruited243childrenr
2、angingfrom10to18yearsofagetoinvestigatetheroleofworkingmemoryandprocessingspeedinthedevelopmentoffluidintelligence.Confirmatoryfactoranalysisandstructuralequationmodelingindicatedthattherearestrongcorrelationsbetweenworkingmemory,processingspeedandfl
3、uidintelligenceconstructs.However,nearlyalloftheage2relatedimprovementsinfluidintelligenceareaccountedforbydevelopmentalchangesinworkingmemory,whichalsogreatlyaccountforthemagnitudeofage2relatedincreaseinprocessingspeed.Moreover,age2relatedincreasesi
4、nspeeddon’tmediateage2relatedimprovementsinfluidintelligencedirectlyorindirectlywhentheroleofworkingmemoryinthedevelopmentoffluidintelligencehasbeenconsidered.Theresultssuggestedthatchildren’sworkingmemoryunderliesthedevelopmentoffluidintelligencewhi
5、leprocessingspeedmayberelatedtoindividualdif2ferencesinfluidintelligence.Keywordsfluidintelligence,processingspeed,workingmemory,children.formbetterontestsoffluidintelligenceisbasedon1IntroductiontheirfasterprocessingspeedandbetterWMcapacity.Research
6、hasrevealedthatthespeedofinforma2Fluidintelligence,orgeneralfluidintelligencetionprocessingisakeyelementinpeople’sabilityto(gF),asmeasuredbyatestliketheRaven’sStan2[4,5][2]think,reason,andremember.KailfoundthatdardProgressiveMatrices(RAVENS),isagener
7、alprocessingspeedinchildrenisdirectlyandlawfullyability.Itisalsoatermthatisdistinguishablefrom[1]relatedtoprocessingspeedinadultsonabroadrangeacquiredknowledge,orcrystallizedintelligence.oftasksandunderanextensiverangeofconditions,Fluidintelligenceis
8、notastaticpropertyofhumansuggestingthatprocessingspeedasageneralfactorcognitivefunction.Rather,itcanbeaffectedbyacontributestothedevelopmentalchange.Indeed,in2numberofmaturationalandexperientialforces.Fortelligencehasconsistentlybeenshowntocorrelatee
