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1、2014-2015(1)翻译理论入门复习题PartITrueorFalseQuestions.（20%，2pointeach）PartIIShortStatements.（20%，5pointeach）Directions:Pleasemakeshortstatementstothefollowingitems.1.Nida’sscienceoftranslating.InNida’sopinion,translatingisneitherasciencenoranartanditisnotpropertoviewtransla
2、tingaseitherofthem.Nida’s“scienceoftranslating’’istodescribetheprocessoftranslationinascientificmannerjustaslinguisticscando.Nidadefineshis“scienceoftranslation”as“thescientificdescriptionoftheprocessesinvolvedintranslating”.Theactualtranslatingofatextreflectsahighly
3、developedskill,butthestudyoftranslatingasatypeofhumanactivitycan,ofcourse,bedoneinascientificmanner.Nidaobjectstotakingtranslationasascienceoranartinasimpleway.2.Catford:TranslationshiftCatfordisthefirstonetointroducetheterm“shift”into translation.Hefollowedthelingui
4、sticmodelandanalyzedlanguageascommunication,operatingfunctionallyincontextand on arangeoflevelsandranks.Shiftisdefinedasdeviationwhichcorrespondswithformoccursintheprocessofconversionofsourcelanguageintotargetlanguage.Andthenhedivided shifts intotwokinds:level shifts
5、 andcategory shifts.Byashiftoflevel,wemeanthataSLitematonelinguisticlevel(phonology,graphology,grammarandlexis)hasaTL translation equivalentatadifferentlevel.Category shifts aredeparturesfromformalcorrespondence.Shiftofcategorycanbesubdividedin4kinds:structureshift,c
6、lassshift,unit/rankshiftandintra-systemshift.Catfordsaidthatstructuralshiftsarethemostcommonformofshiftsandinvolvemostlyashiftingrammaticalstructure.3.Threevariableelementsofregistertheoryandtheirmetafunctionmeanings.Registerincludes:1.field:whatisbeingwrittenabout;2
7、.Tenor:whoiscommunicatingandtowhom;3.Mode:theformofcommunication.Thefieldofatextisassociatedwithideationalmeaning,whichisrealizedthroughtransitivitypatterns(verbtypes,active/passivestructures,participantsintheprocess,etc.)Thetenorofatextisassociatedwithinterpersonalm
8、eaning,whichisrealizedthroughthepatternsofmodality(modalverbsandadverbssuchashopefully,should,possibly,andevaluativelexissuchasbeau
