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1、ORGANIZATIONSCIENCEVol.2,No.1,February1991PrintedinU.S.A.ORGANIZATIONALLEARNING:THECONTRIBUTINGPROCESSESANDTHELITERATURES*GEORGEP.HUBERGraduateSchoolofBusiness,UniversityofTexas,Austin,Texas78712Thispaperdiffersfrompreviousexaminationsoforganizationallearninginthati
2、tisbroaderinscopeandmoreevaluativeoftheliteratures.Fourconstructsrelatedtoorganiza-tionallearning(knowledgeacquisition,informationdistribution,informationinterpretation,andorganizationalmemory)arearticulated,andtheliteraturesrelatedtoeacharedescribedandcritiqued.The
3、literatureonknowledgeacquisitionisvoluminousandmulti-faceted,andsotheknowledgeacquisitionconstructisportrayedhereasconsistingoffivesubconstructsorsubprocesses:(1)drawingonknowledgeavailableattheorganization'sbirth,(2)learningfromexperience,(3)learningbyobservingothe
4、rorganizations,(4)graftingontoitselfcomponentsthatpossessknowledgeneededbutnotpossessedbytheorganization,and(5)noticingorsearchingforinformationabouttheorganization'senvironmentandperformance.Examinationoftherelatedliteraturesindicatesthatmuchhasbeenlearnedaboutlear
5、ningfromexperience,butalsothatthereisalackofcumulativeworkandalackofintegrationofworkfromdifferentresearchgroups.Similarly,muchhasbeenlearnedaboutorganizationalsearch,butthereisalackofconceptualwork,andthereisalackofbothcumulativeworkandsyntheseswithwhichtocreateamo
6、rematureliterature.Congenitallearning,vicariouslearning,andgraftingareinformationacquisitionsubprocessesaboutwhichrelativelylittlehasbeenlearned.Theliteratureconcerninginformationdistributionisrichandmature,butanaspectofinformationdistributionthatiscentraltoanorgani
7、zation'sbenefittingfromitslearning,namelyhowunitsthatpossessinformationandunitsthatneedthisinformationcanfindeachotherquicklyandwithahighlikelihood,isunexplored.Informationinterpretation,asanorganizationalprocess,ratherthananindividualprocess,requiresempiricalworkfo
8、rfurtheradvancement.Organizationalmemoryismuchinneedofsystematicinvestigation,particularlybythosewhosespecialconcernsareimprovingorganizat
