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1、Virologyinthe21stCentury1.L.W.Enquist*and2.fortheEditorsoftheJournalofVirology†1.DepartmentofMolecularBiology,PrincetonUniversity,Princeton,NewJersey08544TheeditorsoftheJournalofVirologyareinaprivilegedpositiontoobserveourfieldgrowanddevelop.Whiletherationalpredi
2、ctionofthingstocomeisbasedonextrapolationofwhatweknownow,wecannotanticipatethesurprisesthatresultfromtheserendipityofresearch.Thediscoveriesemanatingfromvirologyinthepast50yearshavebeensimplyastounding,andfewofthemcouldhavebeenpredictedorevenimaginedbasedonpriork
3、nowledge.Itisnoaccidentthatvirologistshaveplayedmajorrolesinthebiologicalrevolutionsofthelastcentury.Viralgeneproductsengageallthekeynodesofbiology,rangingfromtheatomictotheorganismal,andthusserveasidealtoolstodissectthemostintricatelifeprocesses.Ourjoysandchalle
4、ngesaretoidentifyandunderstandthesebiologicalnodesandextrapolatefromthisinformationhowvirusesreplicate,disseminate,andsometimescausedisease.Wecansaywithcertaintythatvirologyinthe21stcenturywillcontinuetoprosper.Wediscussseveralgeneralforcesdrivingthefutureofourdi
5、scipline:technologydevelopment,publichealth,informationprocessing,and,ofcourse,personalcuriosity.Perhapsmoreimportantly,toensuremaximalscientificreturnwemustcontinuetogiveimaginationandserendipityachance.AHISTORICALPERSPECTIVEVirusesandviraldiseaseshavebeenatthec
6、entersofscience,agriculture,andmedicineformillennia,andsomeofourgreatestchallengesandtriumphshaveinvolvedvirology.Smallpoxisaprimeexample:humankind'sgreatestkiller,whichliterallychangedthecourseofhistoryduringtheEuropeanconquestoftheNewWorld,isalsotheonlydiseasee
7、vereradicatedfromtheglobe.ThisremarkableachievementbeganwithEdwardJenner'sscientificdemonstrationin1796thatinoculationwithcowpoxlesionsprovidedprotectionagainstthefar-more-virulentvariolamajorvirus.AconcertedworldwidevaccinationeffortagainstsmallpoxledbytheWorldH
8、ealthOrganizationresultedintheeradicationofthediseaseby1979.Thesmallpoxvaccinationbreakthroughwasonlythefirstinaseriesofimportantinvestigationsanddiscoveriesin
