资源描述：
《释药系统研究进展--张强(北京大学药学院)北京》由会员上传分享，免费在线阅读，更多相关内容在教育资源-天天文库。
1、新释药系统研究进展Advancesindrugdeliverysystems张强北京大学药学院1Topicalepicutaneous(applicationontotheskin),e.g.allergytesting,typicallocalanesthesiainhalational,e.g.asthmamedicationsenema,e.g.contrastmediaforimagingoftheboweleyedrops(ontotheconjunctiva),e.g.antibioticsforconjunctivitiseardrops-s
2、uchasantibioticsandcorticosteroidsforotitisexternaintranasalroute(intothenose),e.g.decongestantnasalsprays.Nasaladministrationcanalsobeusedforsystemiceffect.vaginal,e.g.topicalestrogens,antibacterialsEnteralEnteralisanyformofadministrationthatinvolvesanypartofthegastrointestinaltr
3、act:bymouth(orally),manydrugsastablets,capsules,ordropsbygastricfeedingtube,duodenalfeedingtube,orgastrostomy,manydrugsandenteralnutritionrectally,variousdrugsinsuppositoryorenemaformParenteralbyinjectionorinfusionintravenous(intoavein),e.g.manydrugs,totalparenteralnutritionintraa
4、rterial(intoanartery),e.g.vasodilatordrugsinthetreatmentofvasospasmandthrombolyticdrugsfortreatmentofembolismintramuscular(intoamuscle),e.g.manyvaccines,antibiotics,andlong-termpsychoactiveagentsintracardiac(intotheheart),e.g.adrenalineduringcardiopulmonaryresuscitation(nolongerco
5、mmonlyperformed)subcutaneous(undertheskin),e.g.insulinintraosseousinfusion(intothebonemarrow)is,ineffect,anindirectintravenousaccessbecausethebonemarrowdrainsdirectlyintothevenoussystem.Thisrouteisoccasionallyusedfordrugsandfluidsinemergencymedicineandpaediatricswhenintravenousacc
6、essisdifficult.intradermal,(intotheskinitself)isusedforsomeallergens,andalsofortattoosintrathecal(intothespinalcanal)ismostcommonlyusedforspinalanesthesiaandchemotherapyintraperitoneal,(infusionorinjectionintotheperitoneum)e.g.peritonealdialysisIntravesicalinfusionisinfusionintoth
7、eurinarybladder.Otherparenteraltransdermal(diffusionthroughtheintactskin),e.g.transdermalfentanylpatchesinpaintherapy,nicotinepatchesfortreatmentofaddictiontransmucosal(diffusionthroughamucousmembrane),e.g.insufflation(snorting)ofcocaine,sublingual,i.e.underthetongue,nitroglycerin
8、e,buccal(absorbedthroughcheeknear
