修辞学的术语

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1、AGlossaryofRhetoricalTermswithExamplesSocrates:Thefactis,aswesaidatthebeginningofourdiscussion,thattheaspiringspeakerneedsnoknowledgeofthetruthaboutwhatisrightorgood...Incourtsofjusticenoattentionispaidwhatevertothetruthaboutsuchtopics;allthatmattersisplausibility...Thereareevensomeo

2、ccasionswhenbothprosecutionanddefenceshouldpositivelysuppressthefactsinfavorofprobability,ifthefactsareimprobable.Nevermindthetruth--pursueprobabilitythroughthickandthinineverykindofspeech;thewholesecretoftheartofspeakingliesinconsistentadherencetothisprinciple.Phaedrus:Thatiswhattho

3、sewhoclaimtobeprofessionalteachersofrhetoricactuallysay,Socrates.--Plato,Phaedrus272AlliterationAnacoluthonAnadiplosisAnaphoraAnastropheAntistropheAntithesisAporiaAposiopesisApostropheArchaismAssonanceAsyndetonBrachylogyCacophonyCatachresisChiasmusClimaxEuphemismHendiadysHypallageHyp

4、erbatonHyperboleHysteron-ProteronIronyLitotesMetaphorMetonymyOnomatopoeiaOxymoronParadoxParaprosdokianParonomasiaPersonificationPleonasmPolysyndetonPraeteritioProlepsisSimileSyllepsisSynchysisSynecdocheSynesisTautologyZeugma　MoreTermsSelectedfrom"FigureofSpeech"Alliteration:repetitio

5、nofthesamesoundbeginningseveralwordsinsequence.*Letusgoforthtoleadthelandwelove.J.F.Kennedy,Inaugural*Virivalidiscumviribusluctant.Ennius*Veni,vidi,vici.JuliusCaesarAnacoluthon:lackofgrammaticalsequence;achangeinthegrammaticalconstructionwithinthesamesentence.*Agreementsenteredintowh

6、enonestateoffactsexists--aretheytobemaintainedregardlessofchangingconditions?J.DiefenbakerAnadiplosis:("doublingback")therhetoricalrepetitionofoneorseveralwords;specifically,repetitionofawordthatendsoneclauseatthebeginningofthenext.*Meningreatplacearethriceservants:servantsofthesover

7、eignorstate;servantsoffame;andservantsofbusiness.FrancisBacon*Senatushaecintellegit,consulvidet;hictamenvivit.Vivit?Immoveroetiaminsenatumvenit.Cicero,InCatilinamAnaphora:therepetitionofawordorphraseatthebeginningofsuccessivephrases,clausesorlines.*Weshallnotflagorfail.Weshallgoontot

8、heend.Weshal