BOOK 8 Unit4 Pygmalion

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BOOK8Unit4Pygmalion目标认知　　重点词汇：hesitate，mistaken，classify，betray，condemn，acquaintance，inamazement,intermsof，takeaway,　　重点句型：If引导的条件状语从句。　　语法：过去分词短语作状语精讲巧练重点词汇hesitate【原句回放】Agentlemanpassesandhesitatesforamoment.(P29)【点拨】hesitatevi.topauseinorbeforeanaction意为“犹豫，迟疑”，后跟todo不定式表示“犹豫做某事”，hesitateabout/atdoingsth表示“对做…犹豫不决”　　如：Incaseyouneedsomething,pleasedon'thesitatetoaskme.　　　　Thoughshehesitatedforamoment,shefinallywentinandaskedtoseeadressthatwasinthewindow.　　　　Shehesitatedoverthechoicebetweenthetwoblousesforherdaughter【拓展】hesitationn.踌躇；犹豫不决，　　如：Withoutamoment’shesitation,shejumpedintotheriverafterthechild.　　　　IhavenohesitationinsayingthatIdon’tlikeit.mistaken【原句回放】ThereyouareandyoucomefromthewestendofLondon,borninLissonGroveifI’mnotmistaken.(P29)【点拨】mistakenadj.bewrong;havingunderstoodincorrectly意为“错的，误解的”，　　如：Ifyouthoughtsheintendedtoberude,youweremistaken.　　　　Theministerdoesn’tusesimpleplainlanguage,andwhathesaysisoftenmistaken.【拓展】mistaken.弄错；错误；　　短语：makeamistake犯错误；bymistake错误的；　　也用作vt.＆vi.表示“误会；误解”，短语：mistake…for误认为，　　如：Theremustbesomemistakeinthisbill,pleaseaddupthefiguresagain.　　　　ImistookAnnaforhissister.classify【原句回放】Simplyphoneticsstudiedandclassifiedfrompeople’sownspeech.(P29)【点拨】classifyvt.toarrangeorplaceintoclasses;divideaccordingtoclass 意为“分类；归类；把……分等级”，短语：classifysthby/accordingto根据……为某物分类，classifysthin/into把某物分成，classifysthas把…归类为，　　如：Inthelibrary,booksareusuallyclassifiedbysubjects.　　　　Isthisarticleclassifiedasanovelorareport?【拓展】classifiedadj.表示“分类的；分等级的”，classificationn.表示“分类法;分类”　　如：classifiedadvertisements分类广告　　　　Inthelibrarynewbookshavetobeclassifiedbeforetheyareputonshelvesforreader'suse.betray【原句回放】Buttheybetraythemselveseverytimetheyopentheirmouths.(P30)【点拨】betrayvt.tobedisloyalorunfaithfultoortogiveawayormakeknown意为“出卖；背叛，泄露”，短语：betrayoneself:露出本来面目，betraysth.tosb.向某人泄露某事，　　如：Herfacebetrayedhernervousness.　　　　Theofficerbetrayedthesecrettohisfriends.【拓展】betrayaln.theactofbetraying表示“泄露，出卖”　　如：abetrayalofmyprinciples出卖我的原则condemn【原句回放】TheEnglishthatwillcondemnhertotheguttertotheendofherdays.(P30)【点拨】condemnvt.toexpressstrongdisapprovalofsth.orjudgeapersonguilty意为“谴责；注定，判刑（常与to连用）”，短语：condemnsbfordoing因为某事谴责某人，becondemnedto被宣告.…　　如：Mostpeoplearewillingtocondemnviolenceofanysortasevil.　　　　Thepersonwhocausedthebigaccidentonpurposewascondemnedtodeath.【拓展】condemnationn.谴责,指责,定罪，　　如：WhatthestarfeltabouttheearthquakeinChinacausedsocialcondemnationsoon.acquaintance【原句回放】AndIcametoEnglandtomakeyouracquaintance!(P30)【点拨】acquaintancen.informationorknowledgeasobtainedthroughpersonalexperienceratherthancarefulstudy.意为“熟悉,认识；知识”，用作不可数名词，常见短语：havenoacquaintancewith不熟悉,不了解；maketheacquaintanceofsb.结识某人， 　　如:IhavesomeacquaintancewithEnglish,butIdonotknowitwell.　　　　Wemadeacquaintancetheotherday.【拓展】acquaintvt.表示“告知,通知；使熟悉”，此词用于被动语态中,过去分词acquainted已经失去动作意义,相当于一个形容词。例如:“我是去年认识他的。”不能译作:Iacquaintedhimlastyear.或Iwasacquaintedwithhimlastyear.第一句是语态错误,第二句混淆了“状态”和“动作”,只能译成:Igot[became]acquaintedwithhimlastyear.或Imadehisacquaintancelastyear.　　如:Mymotheracquaintedherwithmyintention.　　　　Youmustacquaintyourselfwithyournewduties.inamazement【原句回放】Lookingatthecollectedmoneyinamazement.(P30)【点拨】inamazement表示“惊讶，吃惊”，相当于filledwithgreatsurprise,causingwonder,在句中作状语。　　如：Theyounggentlementookoutaonehundredmillionpoundnoteinamazementfromtheenvelope.　　　　Allthepeoplenearbylookedatthebigfireinamazement.【拓展】类似的短语有：inreturn作为回报,introuble处于困境中,indisguise伪装的，假扮的,inpain痛苦的,indelight高兴地,inshock震惊地，　　如：Theboywhogotthefirstprizelookedaroundhimindelight.　　　　Hegavemeamusicalboxatmybirthdayparty,andIgavehimawonderfulnewcoatinreturn.intermsof【原句回放】Correctallthesesentencesintermsofgrammar,spelling,etc,sothatshecanusethemproperly.(P31)【点拨】intermsof表示“至于，从……观点看”，相当于withregardto,fromthepointofviewof，相关短语：inthelongterm从长远观点来看，　　如：Thebookhasbeenwellreviewed,butintermsofactualsalesithasn’tbeenverysuccessful.　　　　We’rethinkingintermsofmovingtothesouth,astherearesofewjobsinthenorth.　　　　Intheshorttermweexpecttolosemoneyonthisbookbutinthelongtermwehopetomakelargeprofits.【拓展】termn.表示“学期，任期，术语，(pl)合同或协议书的条件、条款等”　　如：Therearethreetermsinaschoolyear.　　　　Hewasmadecaptainofthefootballteamforatermofoneyear. 　　　　Ifyouagreetomyterms---freemealsandgoodwages—Iwillworkforyou.takeaway【原句回放】Sheisnouseatall.Takeheraway!(P34)【点拨】takeaway动词短语，表示“拿走;使离开”，还用作名词表示“外卖餐馆”，　　如：Idon’twanttocooktonightsoIthinkI’llgoandgetamealfromthetakeaway.　　　　Hisrefusaltoaccepttheprizedoesn’ttakeawayfromhissuccessinwinningit.【拓展】相关短语：takeback同意收回；承认当初说错了话；takefor当作；误认为；takein收留，收容（某人）；包括，takeoff脱掉，（飞机）起飞；takeon开始显现；　　takeout拔掉；去掉,takedown记下，写下，　　如:Wemustnottakeitforgrantedthattheboardofthedirectorswillapproveoftheinvestmentplan.　　　　Youcanalsotakeinsomeofthenotablearchitecturalmonuments.Takeoffyourclothes;they'reverywet.重点句型If引导的条件状语从句【原句回放1】ButifIteachyou,I’llbeworsethanafather.(P34)【原句回放2】I’dneverhavecomeifI’dknownaboutthisdisgustingthingyouwanttodotome.(P34)【点拨】If引导的条件状语从句可分为两种：真实条件句和非真实条件句/虚拟条件句，真实条件句意味着句中的动作很可能发生，两种从句的重点都在于时态搭配。主句和从句的先后次序无关紧要。一．If引导的真实条件句中，主句用一般将来时，从句往往用一般现在时表将来，有时，主句的谓语动词是情态动词时，从句也用一般现在时，　　如：Youwillneversucceedifyoudon’tstudyhard.　　　　Ifyoudon’thavetime,justleaveittome.　　　　Ifthefoggetsthicker,theplanemightbediverted．　　　　Ifyourdocumentsareinorder,youmayleaveatonce．几种特殊情况：①有时从句的谓语动词用现在完成时，侧重动作已经完成，　　　如：Ifyouhavefinisheddinner，I’llaskthewaiterforthebill．　　　　　Ifyouhavefinishedthebook,takeitbacktothelibrary.②will用于从句,但它表示意愿，而不是表示一般将来。 　　　如：Ifyouwilllistentome,Iwilltellyouaboutit.　　　　　Ifyouwilltakeoffyourclothes,wewillputthenewonesonyou.二．If引导的虚拟条件句，表示的条件根本不可能实现或实现的可能性很小，其时态可归纳如下：假设类型条件从句动词的时态结果主句的动词的时态与现在事实相反If+一般过去式(be只用were)would/should/might/could+动词原型与过去事实相反If+haddonewould/should/might/could+have+过去分词与将来事实可能相反If+wereto+动词原形;或If+should+动词原形would/should/might/could+动词原型　　IfmylawyerhadbeenherelastSaturday,hewouldhavepreventedmefromgoing.　　Iftheywerehere,theywouldhelpyou.　　Ifyouweretosucceed,everythingwouldbeallright.注意：(1)若虚拟条件句中含有were或had，should等助动词或情态动词时，连词if可以省略,将were,had,should提到前面。如：HadIleftalittleearlier,Iwouldhavecaughtthetrain.　　　　　　Werethistohappen,itwouldcauseagreatdealofdamage.(2)错综虚拟条件句：条件句中主句谓语和从句谓语表示的动作在时间上不一致，如：Iftheweatherhadbeenmorefavorable,thecropswouldbegrowingstillbetter.　　　　　　Ifyouhadtakenmyadvice,youwouldn’tbeinsuchtroublenow.(3)含蓄条件句：有些句子虽不含条件句，但意思上接近一个条件句，常通过某个短语来表达。如without,butfor,ifonly等。如：Iwouldn’thavebeensuccessfulwithoutyourhelp.　　　　　　Iwouldhavearrivedearlierbutforthesuddenheavyrain.