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1、TonightI’mgoingtotalktoyouaboutthatremarkablecontinentAntarctica–remote,hostileandatpresentuninhabitedonapermanentbasis.Forearlyexplorers,itwastheultimatesurvivalcontest;forresearcherslikeme,itremainsaplaceofgreatintellectualchallenge;whileforthemode
2、rntourist,it’ssimplyawildernessofgreatbeauty.First,somefactsandfigures.Antarcticaisaplaceofextremes–thehighest,coldestandwindiestcontinentandoverfifty-eighttimesthesizeoftheUK.Theice-capcontainsalmost70％oftheworld’sfreshwaterand90％ofitsice,butwithver
3、ylowsnowfall,mostofthecontinenttechnicallyfallsunbelievablyintothecategoryof‘desert’!hugeicebergsbreakoffthecontinenteachyear,whileinwinterhalfthesurroundingoceanfreezesover,whichmeansitssizealmostdoubles.ResearchandexplorationhasbeengoingoninAntarct
4、icaformorethantwohundredyears,andhasinvolvedscientistsfrommanydifferentcountries,whoworktogetheronresearchstations.Herescienceandtechnicalsupporthavebeenintegratedinaverycost-effectiveway–ourAntarcticresearchprogrammehasseveralsummers–onlystationsand
5、twoall-year-roundones;Iwasbasedononeoftheall-year-roundones.Theresearchstationsarereallyself-containedcommunitiesofabouttwentypeople.There’slivingandworkingspace,akitchenwithahugefoodstore,asmallhospitalandawell-equippedgymtoensureeveryonekeepsfitint
6、heirsparetime.Thestationgeneratesitsownelectricityandcommunicateswiththeoutsideworldusingasatellitelink.Ourstation–ZeroOne–hadsomespecialfeatures.Itwasn’tbuiltonlandbutonanice-shelf,hundredsofmetersthick.Supplieswerebroughttousonlargesledgesfromaship
7、fifteenkilometersawayattheiceedge.LivingintheAntarctichasn’talwaysbeensocomfortable.Snowbuild-upscausedenormousproblemsforfourpreviousstationsonthesamesite,whichwereburiedandfinallycrushedbytheweight.Fortunatelyno-onewashurt,butthesebuildingsbecameah
8、ugechallengetoarchitectswhofinallycameupwitharemarkablesolution–thebuildingsareplacedonplatformswhichcanberaisedabovethechangingsnowlevelonlegswhichareextendable.Foodisoneofthemostimportantaspectsofsurvivalinapolarclimate.Peoplelivingthereneedtoobtai
