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1、G1DieLifeandDieFailure模具的寿命及其失效Properselectionofthediematerialandofthedie([daɪ]n.模具)manufacturingtechniquedetermines,toalargeextent,theusefullifeofformingdies.(直译法)模具材料的恰当选择及其制造工艺,在很大程度上决定了模具的使用寿命。Diesmayhavetobereplacedforanumberofreasons,suchaschangesindimensionsduetowearorplasticdeformation,
2、deterioration( [dɪˌtɪrɪəˈreʃən]n.变坏,退化,损耗)ofthesurfacefinish,breakdownoflubrication( [lubrɪˈkeʃən]n.润滑),andcrackingorbreakage.(直译法)模具可能会因为一系列原因被替换,比如由于磨损或塑性变形导致的尺寸变化,表面平整度变差,润滑故障,和裂纹即破裂。Inhotimpressiondieforging,theprincipalmodesofdiefailureareerosion,thermal( [ˈθɜ:rml]adj.热的)fatigue([fəˈtiɡ]n.
3、疲劳),mechanicalfatigueandpermanent(plastic)deformation.(直译法)在热压印模锻造中,模具失效的主要模式是腐蚀作用、热疲劳、机械疲劳和永久(塑性)变形。Inerosion[ɪ'rəʊʒ(ə)n],alsocommonlycalleddiewear,materialisactuallyremovedfromthediesurfacebypressureandslidingofthedeformingmaterial,wearresistanceofthediematerial,diesurfacetemperature,relative
4、slidingspeedatthedie/materialinterfaceandthenatureoftheinterfacelayerarethemostsignificantfactorsinfluencingabrasive[ə'breɪsɪv] diewear.(分句法+直译法)腐蚀,通常也称作模具磨损,实际上是材料受压从模具表面剥落的过程。变形材料的滑移,模具材料的抗磨性,模具表面温度,模具和材料接触表面的相对滑动速度以及接触层的性质,都是影响模具磨损的最显著因素。Thermal['θɜːm(ə)l]fatigue[fə'tiːg] occursonthesurfaceo
5、fthedieimpressioninhotformingandresultsin“heatchecking”.(直译法)热疲劳发生在热成形中的模具模腔表面,并且最终导致“热裂”。Thermalfatigue([fə‘tig](热)疲劳)resultsfromcyclicyielding([’jildɪŋ]屈服)ofthediesurfaceduetocontactwiththehotdeformingmaterial.(逆序法)由于与热变形材料接触,在周期性屈服的模具表面引起了热疲劳。Thiscontactcausesthesurfacelayerstoexpand,and,bec
6、auseoftheverysteep([stip]急剧的)temperaturegradients,thesurfacelayersaresubjecttocompressivestresses.(直译法)这种接触导致表层膨胀,并且,由于温度梯度的急剧变化,表层会受到压应力。Atsufficientlyhightemperatures,thesecompressivestressesmaycausethesurfacelayerstodeform.Whenthediesurfacecools,astressreversal([rɪ‘vɝsl]反向)mayoccurandthesurf
7、acelayerswillthenbeintension.(直译法)温度足够高时,这些压应力可引起表层变形。当模具表面冷却,可发生反向应力,表层此后处于受拉状态。Afterrepeatedcyclinginthismanner,fatigue[fə‘tig疲劳]willcauseformationofacrackpatternthatisrecognizedasheatchecking[热裂纹].(分句法)这种状态经过循环往复后,疲劳将导致裂纹图案形成。这