力学专业英语词组+解释

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1、拉力tensileforce正应力normalstress切应力shearstress静水压力hydrostaticpressure集中力concentratedforce分布力distributedforce线性应力应变关系linearrelationshipbetweenstressandstrain弹性模量modulusofelasticity横向力lateralforcetransverseforce轴向力axialforce拉应力tensilestress压应力compressivestress平衡方程equilibriumequation静力学方程equat

2、ionsofstatic比例极限proportionallimit应力应变曲线stress-straincurve拉伸实验tensiletest‘屈服应力yieldstress极限应力ultimatestress轴shaft梁beam纯剪切pureshear横截面积cross-sectionalarea挠度曲线deflectioncurve曲率半径radiusofcurvature曲率半径的倒数reciprocalofradiusofcurvature纵轴longitudinalaxis悬臂梁cantileverbeam简支梁simplysupportedbeam微分方

3、程differentialequation惯性矩momentofinertia静矩staticmoment扭矩torquemoment弯矩bendingmoment弯矩对x的导数derivativeofbendingmomentwithrespecttox弯矩对x的二阶导数thesecondderivativeofbendingmomentwithrespecttox静定梁staticallydeterminatebeam静不定梁staticallyindeterminatebeam相容方程compatibilityequation补充方程complementaryeq

4、uation中性轴neutralaxis圆截面circularcrosssection两端作用扭矩twistedbycouplesattwoends刚体rigidbody扭转角twistangle静力等效staticallyequivalent相互垂直平面mutuallyperpendicularplanes通过截面形心throughthecentroidofthecrosssection一端铰支pinsupportatoneend一端固定fixedatoneend弯矩图bendingmomentdiagram剪力图shearforcediagram剪力突变abrupt

5、changeinshearforce、旋转和平移rotationandtranslation虎克定律hook’slaw边界条件boundarycondition初始位置initialposition、力矩面积法moment-areamethod绕纵轴转动rotateaboutalongitudinalaxis横坐标abscissa扭转刚度torsionalrigidity拉伸刚度tensilerigidity剪应力的合力resultantofshearstress正应力的大小magnitudeofnormalstress脆性破坏brittlefail对称平面symmet

6、ryplane刚体的平衡equilibriumofrigidbody约束力constraintforce重力gravitationalforce实际作用力actualforce三维力系three-dimentionalforcesystem合力矩resultantmoment标量方程scalarequation、矢量方程vectorequation张量方程tensorequation汇交力系cocurrentsystemofforces任意一点anarbitrarypoint合矢量resultantvector反作用力reactionforce反作用力偶reaction

7、couple转动约束restrictionagainstrotation平动约束restrictionagainsttranslation运动的趋势tendencyofmotion绕给定轴转动rotateaboutaspecificaxis沿一个方向运动moveinadirection控制方程controlequation共线力collinearforces平面力系planarforcesystem一束光abeamoflight未知反力unknownreactionforces参考框架frameofreference大小和方向magnit