Translation2

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1、TranslationInmodernsociety,translationplaysanveryimportantroleincross-culturalcommunication.ContentsBacktoschoolDefinitionofTranslationCriteriaofTranslationProcessofTranslationBacktoschoolTheDefinitionofTranslationGenerallyspeaking:Translationmeansrenderingonelanguageintoanother汉字EnglishBacktos

2、choolTranslationcoversaverywiderangeIntermsoflanguageFromnativelanguagesintoforeignlanguagesandviceversaIntermsofmodesOralinterpretationWrittertranslationMachinetranslationIntermsofmaterialsTranslationofscientificmaterialsTranslationofliteraryworksTranslationofpoliticalessaysTranslationofpracti

3、calwritingsIntermsofverbalsignsIntralingualtranslation(withinthesamelanguage)Intersemiotictranslation(betweenverbalandnon-verbalsignsystems)Interlingualtranslation(betweenlanguages)BacktoschoolTheCriteriaofTranslationWeoftendiscussthecriteriaoftranslationfromthesetwoaspectscontentformBacktoscho

4、olThemostinfluentialmaybealittlecontroversialcriteriaoftranslationinChinaisYanFu’s“three-characterguide”信达雅faithfulnessexpressivenesseleganceIt’saadvancingprocessWementiontwoofcriteriaoftranslationputforwardbyforeignersBacktoschoolTylter’strinityprincipleoftranslationCriteriaofTranslationProces

5、sofTranslationAtranslationshouldfirstgiveacompletetranscriptoftheideasoftheoriginalwork.Thestyleandmannerofwritingshouldbeofthesamecharacterasthatoftheoriginal.Atranslationshouldhavealltheeaseoforiginalcomposition.Tylter’stheoryisidealorunrealistic.Becauseofthetranslationcan’tbecompletelyassame

6、astheoriginal.BacktoschoolCriteriaofTranslationProcessofTranslationNida’sFunctionalequivalenceAsthetranslatedworkcannotachievethesameeffectastheoriginal,ourtranslationshallgivetheessentiallymeansthatcanbegetfromtheoriginalbooktothereaders.Sothetranslation’scontentandformwon’tbeidentifyastheorig

7、inalone.Despitethevarietyofopinions,atthistimeweshoulddoourbesttogetthetargetofthefaithfulnessandexpressiveness.BacktoschoolProcessofTranslationAccuratecomprehensionAdequaterepresentationCompletecorrectionBacktoschoolAtfirstweshou