public opinion as personal cultivation

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1、InternationalJournalofPublicOpinionResearchVol.No./$.PUBLICOPINIONASPERSONALCULTIVATION:ANORMATIVENOTIONANDASOURCEOFSOCIALCONTROLINTRADITIONALCHINAHyunyiChoABSTRACTThispaperattemptstodefineaChineseperspectiveonpublicopinion.Tothisend,thepaperdrawsfromwritingsonConfucia

2、nphilosophy,whichresonateswiththeenduringvaluesystemofChina,andpresentsthemanifestationsoftheperspectiveofpublicopinionaspersonalcultivationinthesociopoliticalhistoryofChina.Inparticular,theroleofli,whichistheroutetopersonalcultivationinthepublicsphere,face,andshameintheChinesepublic

3、opinionprocessisexplicated.ThemainthesisofthepaperisthatpublicopinioninChinahasbeenviewedasintegrallyrelatedtopersonalcultivation.Thepapercontendsthatthenormativenotionofpublicopinionaspersonalcultivationhasservedasasourceofsocialcontrol,whichoccurredinthreelevels,includingthatofthep

4、eople,therulers,andthemaintenanceofthesociopoliticalsystem.INTRODUCTIONTheindustryofpollingisuniversal,andhasbeensuperimposedondifferentpoliticalandphilosophicaltraditions.Scholarshavenotedthatpublicopinionrepresentscomplexsocialandpoliticalprocesses(Blumer,McLeodetal.,p.,Pr

5、iceandRoberts),anditisdemonstratedinthemanydefinitions(Childs)andmetaphors(Back)compiledfortheconcept.Inherentinconceptssuchasnorms,values,andzeitgeistispublicopinion(Schuman,p.).Metaphorsforpublicopinionsuchaschorusandgoddessofrumorfurtherilluminatethesocialrootofthe

6、concept(Back,p.).ThemethodologicalimplicationofthefactthatpublicopinionisanoutcomeofsocialinteractioninvolvingunequalpowerswasarticulatedbyBlumer()whenheassertedtheAnearlierversionofthispaperwaspresentedattheannualmeetingoftheWorldAssociationforPublicOpinionResearch,St

7、Louis,USA.ThisversionwasreceivedApril.IamgratefultoChuckSalmon,PhilShepard,andLindaJohnsonfortheirinsightsonthispaper.ThecommentsoftheanonymousreviewersoftheIJPORimprovedthispapersignificantly.IthankRonShadbegianandCharlesSt.Cyrfortheirhelpfulsuggestions.WorldAssociationforPublic

8、OpinionResea