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1、JournalofCommunicationISSN0021-9916ORIGINALARTICLETowardaTheoryRelatingPoliticalDiscourse,Media,andPublicOpinion12AdamF.Simon&JenniferJerit1DepartmentofPoliticalScience,YaleUniversity,NewHaven,CT065202DepartmentofPoliticalScience,FloridaStateUniversity,Tallaha
2、ssee,FL32314Thispaperpresentsamultimethodinvestigationofframinginthegovernment–media–publicinteractionduringtheso-calledpartial-birthabortion(PBA)debateintheU.S.Operationalizingframingastheuseoftheword‘‘baby’’or‘‘fetus,’’contentanalysisfirstshowsthatopposingpo
3、liticalelitesemployedalmostexclusivevocabulariesinattemptstojustifytheirviewsandshapeattitudes.Time-seriesanalysisthenchartsthepathof‘‘baby’s’’discursivedominancefromcongressionaldiscoursethroughnewsandeditorialstocitizens.Finally,experimentalresultssupport2mi
4、crolevelhypotheses.First,uptake—exposuretoarticlesfeaturingtheexclusiveuseof‘‘baby’’or‘‘fetus,’’respec-tively,increasedordecreasedsupportforbanningPBA.Second,emergence—partici-pantsexposedtodiscourseusingbothtermsconvergeduponaresponseindependentofthewords’rel
5、ativeproportions.Incontrasttoprobabilisticsurveyresponsemodels,thesefindingssupporttheideathatakindofpublicreasoncanemergefromtheinteractionofcitizens’judgmentprocessesandelitecommunication.doi:10.1111/j.1460-2466.2007.00342.xWhenthinkingaboutpoliticsintheUnit
6、edStates,democraticidealssuggestasimplecausalrelationship,namely,thatcitizenswantsdrivegovernmentaction.Extantmacropoliticalcommunicationresearch,however,generallyportrayseffectsthatflowintheoppositedirectionfromthegovernmentthroughmediatothepublic.Importantmo
7、delsandstudiesimplythatpoliticaldiscourseessentiallydeterminespublicopinion.Further,thesemodelssuggestthatthemediaplaysapassivepartintransferringmessagesfromthegovernmenttothepublic(Fan,1988;Zaller,1992).Opposingviewstypicallyseethepublicassovereign,presumingt
8、hatpoliticianstakepositionsandcrafttheirdiscourseaccordingtoanticipatedchangesinpublicopin-ion(Stimson,MacKuen,&Erikson,1995).Whileappealingfromapopulistper-spective,thisalternativ
