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1、2IEEETRANSACTIONSONCOMPUTERS,VOL.C-29,NO.1,JANUARY1980Microprogramming:ATutorialandSurveyofRecentDevelopmentsTOMLINSONG.RAUSCHER,MEMBER,IEEE,ANDPHILLIPM.ADAMSAbstract-Thepresentstatusofmicroprogrammingisdeveloped...considerthecontrolproper,thatis,thepartofthefromWilkes'sinitialconceptofmicroprogram
2、mingtothemoremachinewhichsuppliesthepulsesforoperatingthegatesrecentbit-slicemicroprogrammablecomputercomponents.Thisassociatedwiththearithmeticalandcontrolregisters.Thetutorialdefinesbasicconceptsandgivesasimpleexampleofmachinedesignerofthispartofamachineusuallyproceedsinanadlanguageinterpretation
3、.Describingthecharacteristicsofmicro-hocmanner,drawingblockdiagramsuntilheseesanprogrammedmachinesprovidesthebackgroundforanexaminationarrangementwhichsatisfieshisrequirementsandappearstoofmicroprogrammablebitslicemicroprocessors,themostsignificantcommercialdevelopmentsincetheprevioussurveypaperber
4、easonablyeconomical.Iwouldliketosuggestawayin[3].Thedescriptionsofrecentapplicationsofmicroprogrammingwhichthecontrolcanbemadesystematic,andthereforelessindicatethepotentialformicroprogramuseinseveralareas.Acomplex.substantialbibliographydirectstheinterestedreadertodetailsinEachoperationcalledforby
5、anorderintheordercodeofmanyaspectsofmicroprogramming.themachineinvolvesasequenceofstepswhichmayincludetransfersfromthestoretocontrolorarithmeticalregisters,IndexTerms-Bitslicemicroprocessors,dynamicmicro-orviceversa,andtransfersfromoneregistertoanother.programming,microprogrammability,microprogramm
6、ingapplica-Eachofthesestepsisachievedbypulsingcertainofthewirestions.associatedwiththecontrolandarithmeticalregisters,andII.INTRODUCTIONwillrefertoitasa"micro-operation."EachtruemachineoperationisthusmadeupofasequenceorFROMtimetotimeitisappropriatetoreviewthe"microprogramme"ofmicro-operations.funda
7、mentalsofadevelopingdisciplinesuchasmicro-Fig.4(Fig.1)showsthewayinwhichpulsesforprogramming,andtoexaminethestateofthearttotakeperformingthemicro-operationsmaybegenerated.Thestockofrecentdevelopmentsinthera
