Part XIII Industrial Chemistry LQ

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1、PartXIIIIndustrialChemistryLQImportanceofIndustrialProcesses1.2.3.4.5.1RateEquations6.7.8.9.210.11.12.313.ActivationEnergies14.15.16.17.418.19.20.21.CatalysisandIndustrialProcesses22.23.524.25.26.627.IndustrialProcesses28.29.730.31.32.833.34.935.36.37.38.1039.Essaytypequestion40.EssaytypequestionGre

2、enChemistry41.42.43.44.45.1146.PartExercises47.1248.49.1350.51.1452.53.54.15PublicExaminationQuestions55.57.56.1658.59.60.1761.63.62.64.1866.65.1967.69.68.70.2071.74.72.75.73.21Answers2.(a)Theyareaddedtosoiltopromotethegrowthofplants.Theycanhelptoincreasetheproductionoffoodinordertomeetthedemandofth

3、eincreasingworldpopulation.(b)Itisapainkillerwhichhelpspeoplerelievepain.(c)Theyhelptoreducetheamountofcropsdestroyedbypests.(d)Itcanbeusedasafabrictomakehighqualityclothingwhichiscrease-resistant,machine-washableanddrip-dry.(e)Thisfueladditiveincreasesthecombustionefficiencyofpetrol.Thisreducesthea

4、mountofpollutantgasesreleasedfrommotorcars.3.(a)Petrochemicalindustryproduceschemicalsfrompetroleumornaturalgas.(b)Ethene/propene/benzene/otherreasonableanswers(AnyTHREE)(c)Plastics/paints/rubber/fertilizers/detergents/dyes/textiles/solvents(AnyFOUR)4.(a)ReichsteinprocessTwo-stagefermentationprocess

5、(b)Reichsteinprocessuseschemicalsynthesisintheconversionofsorbosetoanintermediatecompoundinitsprocess.Two-stagefermentationprocessusesfermentation(bymicro-organisms)intheconversionofsorbosetoanintermediatecompound.(c)Two-stagefermentationprocessismoreenvironmentallyfriendlybecauseitusesfermentationt

6、oconvertsorbosetoeventuallyvitaminCinsteadofthechemicalsynthesisintheReichsteinprocess.Fermentationusesenvironmentallyfriendlyrenewablefeedstockbecausemicro-organismscanbeculturedconvenientlyandrepeatedly.Furthermore,chemicalsynthesisrequirestheuseofpropanone,chlorineandsodiumhydroxidewhicharegenera

7、llytoxicorcorrosivei.e.notenvironmentallyfriendly.5.(a)Vegetablesandcitrusfruits(b)ObtainingvitaminCbyagriculturalmethodistimeandlabourconsumingwhichisnoteconomical.Theyieldofplantcropsisdecliningduet