Part 13 Industrial Chemistry

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1、PartXIIIIndustrialChemistry/P.1PartXIIIIndustrialChemistryI.ImportanceofIndustrialProcessesA.Introduction1.DevelopmentofsyntheticproductsformodernwaysoflivingThesyntheticproductsmadefromthechemicalindustryformakeytothemodernwaysofliving.Theymakeourliveshealthier,safe

2、randmorecomfortable.a.Food(i)TheHaberprocessmanufacturesammoniawhichismostlyusedtoproducenitrogenousfertilizerstoincreasefoodproduction.(ii)Pesticidesreducetheamountofthecropsdestroyedbypests.(iii)Petrochemical-basedfoodpackagingmaterialssuchaspolystyrenefoamcontaine

3、rsandpolyethenefoodwrapsmakethetransportationandpreservationoffoodeasier.b.Medicalcare(i)Somepetrochemicalsarethestartingmaterialsforsyntheticdrugslikeaspirin(apainkiller)andpenicillin(anantibiotic).(ii)PVC(aplastic)isusedtomakedisposablesyringes,bloodtransfusionbags

4、andotherapparatuswhichisusedonlyoncetoavoidtheriskofcontamination.c.ClothingSyntheticfibreshavemoredesirablepropertiesthantraditionalclothingmaterials(e.g.cottonandwool).Teryleneandnylonarecrease-resistant,machine-washableanddrip-dry.Theyarealsocheaperthannaturalmate

5、rials.d.HousingScientistsdevelopplasticstoreplacetraditionalbuildingmaterialslikewoodbecauseplasticsarelighterandresistanttoweathering.e.TransportMTBE(methyltertiary-butylether)madefrommethanolisusedasafueladditiveinpetroltoimprovethecombustionefficiencyofpetrol.Part

6、XIIIIndustrialChemistry/P.2B.Advantagesanddisadvantagesofindustrialprocesses1.Whatispetrochemicalindustry?Petrochemicalindustrialproduceschemicalsfrompetroleumornaturalgas.Thechemicalsproducedareknownaspetrochemicals石油化學產品.Examplesofpetrochemicalsincludeethane,propen

7、e,benzene,etc.Petrochemicalscanbeconvertedintothousandsofindustrialandconsumerproducts,includingplastics,paints,rubber,drugs,detergents,dyes,textilesandsolvents.2.AdvantagesofpetrochemicalindustryAdvantagesofusingpetrochemicalindustryformanufacturingproductsfromsocia

8、l,economicandenvironmentalperspectives.a.Large-scaleproductionleadstocheaperproductsLarge-scaleproductionwillreducethecapitalcost(c