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1、StaffWorkingPaperERSD-2014-22Date:15December2014Manuscriptdate:31October2014WorldTradeOrganizationEconomicResearchandStatisticsDivisionTradeinTasks,TariffPolicyandEffectiveProtectionRatesAntoniaDiakantoniandHubertEscaithAbstract:Albeitnominaltariffshavebeendecreasinginthepastdecades,ther
2、iseofglobalmanufacturingalongglobalvaluechainsleadtotheiraccumulationalongtheinternationalsupplychain.Thecalculationofeffectiveprotectionratesprovidesimportantinsightsontheimpactofnominalprotectionontheinternationalcompetitivenessofindustriesinatradeintasksperspective.Buildingontheresult
3、softheOECD-WTOTradeinValue-AddedTiVAdatabase,thepaperanalysestheevolutionofeffectiveprotectioninabout50developedanddevelopingcountriesfrom1995to2008.Thepaperreviewsalsotheroleofpreferentialagreementsoneffectiveprotectionaswellastheimpactoftariffsontheproductioncostsofservices.Afinalchapt
4、erisdedicatedtoexploringtheunderlyingpatternsthatmayexistbeyondtheEPRprofiles.Keywords:Tariff,EffectiveProtection,TradeinValueAdded,InternationalOutsourcingandCompetitiveness.JELclassifications:C38,C67,D24,F13,F23,F60,O19___________________________Disclaimer:Thisisaworkingpaper,andhencei
5、trepresentsresearchinprogress.Thispaperrepresentstheopinionsoftheauthors,andistheproductofprofessionalresearch.ItisnotmeanttorepresentthepositionoropinionsoftheWTOoritsMembers,northeofficialpositionofanystaffmembers.TheauthorswishtorecognisethecontributionofChristopheDegainandArunabhSing
6、hinpreparingandprocessingtheprimarydatabases;anyremainingerrorsaretheauthors'fault.Copiesofworkingpaperscanberequestedfromthedivisionalsecretariatbywritingto:EconomicResearchandStatisticsDivision,WorldTradeOrganization,RuedeLausanne154,CH1211Geneva21,Switzerland.Pleaserequestpapersbynumb
7、erandtitle.TRADEINTASKS,TARIFFPOLICYANDEFFECTIVEPROTECTIONRATES1INTRODUCTIONAretariffsanissueofthepast,thankstoprogressinmultilateralorregionaltradeliberalization?Manyanalystsarenowturningtheirinteresttonon-tariffmeasuresbecausenominaltariffsseemtoolowtomakeadifference.Ye
