Discourse语篇,社会语言学

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1、DiscourseByLiuxuanContentBackground1Releventconcepts2DiscourseAnalysis32.1Definitions2.2Types2.3Functions1.BackgroundBeforethe1920s,thereweremanystudiesonlanguageitselffromsyntaxview.Thestudiesaremainlyonthegrammaticalstructureofseperatedsentences.Theystudiedneithertherelationshipbetweensen

2、tences,northefunctionsofsentencesinalargerlinguisticunit.However,justlikeonewordmayhavedifferentmeaningsindifferentsentences,onesentencealsohasdifferentmeaningsandfunctionsindifferentlinguisticcontext.Howsentencesareusedincontext?Howsentencesarelinkedtogether?IssuesLinguistscasttheireyesona

3、higherlevelthansentenceslevel,whichiscalleddiscourse.Theystudyontheuseofsentencesindiscourse.2.Releventconcepts2.1DefinitionsDiscourseis"languageabovethesentenceorabovetheclause".(Stubbs1983)Discourseisacontinuousstretchoflanguagelargerthanasentence.(Crystal1986)Thestudyofdiscourseisthestud

4、yofanyaspectoflanguageuse.(Fasold1990)黄国文在《语篇分析概要》(1988)一书中对语篇做了以下定义:“语篇通常指一系列连续的话段或句子构成的语言整体。……它可以是讲话,也可以是文章;短者一、二句可成篇,长者可洋洋万言以上...”(黄国文1988)Discourseisaunitoflanguageabovethesentence.(E.g.paragraph,article)formal/structuralDiscourseislanguageinuse.(E.g.conversation,speech,word,phrase)func

5、tionaldiscoursesentencewordwordwordsentencesentencewordwordword2.2TypesofDiscourseAshiftofinterestinthisfieldmightbenoticed,presentlyresultinginfocusonsimilaritiesanddifferencesbetweenwrittenandspokendiscourse.(Renkema2004:64)Hello,Chicago!Howdoyoulikeyournewoffice?Well,Iloveit.Theroomisspe

6、cialandcleanwithbigwindowsandalotofsunshine.本台最新消息：中国卫生部二十九日通报，广东省广州市报告的一例输入性甲型H1N1流感疑似病例当日被诊断为确诊病例SpokenDiscourseWrittenDiscourseComposedofsoundsComposedoflettersMakesuseofintonation,pitch,rhythem,tempoMakesuseofpunctuationandothergraphological(字系学)deviceslikeitalics(斜体)TransitoryRelativel

7、ypermanentPerceivedbytheearPerceivedbytheeyeAddresseeispresentAddresseeisabsentImmediatefeedbackFeedbackdelayedMeaninghelpedbycontext,bodymovement,gesturesMeaningmustbemadeclearwithinthecontextAccordingtoSteger,spokendiscourseissubdividedintosixtypes:Th