SEMANTIC CH A N G E I N GRAMMATICALIZATION

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1、In:GrahamKatz,SabineReinhard,andPhilipReuter,eds.(2002),Sinn&BedeutungVI,ProceedingsoftheSixthAnnualMeetingoftheGesellschaftfürSemantik,UniversityofOsnabrückSEMANTICCHANGEINGRAMMATICALIZATIONRegineEckardtUniversityofKonstanzregine.eckardt@uni-konstanz

2、.deAbstractInthispaper,Iwanttoestablishsemanticreanalysisasanindependentmodeofmeaningchangeinlanguagehistory.Mypointofdeparturewillbecasesoflanguagechangethathavetraditionallybeenclassedas„grammaticalization“,ononehandbecausewewillfindveryniceinstance

3、sofsemanticreanalysisparticuarlyinthatfield,andontheotherhandbecauseIthinkthatthenotionofsemanticreanalysisthatIproposecanbeparticularlyhelpfulinelucidatingsomehithertopoorlyunderstoodsemanticchangesingrammaticalization.Inordertoachivethisdoublepurpos

4、e,tocharacterisesemanticreanalysisandtodemonstrateitspowerasatoolofdiachronicanalysis,thepaperisorganizedinthefollowingway:Iwillfirstbrieflypresentsomecasesofgrammaticalization,focussingmainlyonthemeaningchangestheyinvolve.Iwillnextgiveanoverviewoverp

5、reviousproposalsastowhatkindofsemanticprocessesunderliethesechanges,arguingthatneitherofthemisfullyconvincing.Iwillthendemonstratehowthemeaningsideofthechangesinquestioncanbeanalysedassemanticreanalysisinsemanticcomposition.Finally,Iwillevaluatetheeme

6、rgingpicturewithrespecttothecommonobservationthatthemeaningsofwordsingrammaticalizationjust„fadeaway“or„bleach“.1WhenwordsturnintogrammarIthaslongbeenestablishedthatindependentlexical„content“wordscanchangetheirstatusinthesentencebybeingreanalysedasmo

7、rebound,functional„grammatical“words.YoucanfindmanysophisticatedproposalsintheliteraturethataimatmakingthisintuitivedescriptionofadevelopmentpreciseandIdonotwishtoaddtothem.Iwilltake„grammaticalization“asadescriptivetermthatcoversaboutanychangeofthatk

8、ind.Letmegiveyousomeexamples.TheModernFrenchphrasenepasexpressingsentencenegationdevelopedfromLatinnegationneandtheformerfullLatinnounpassummeaning‘step’.ThedevelopmentmustalreadyhavetakenitsstartinVulgarLatinfromsentencescorrespondingto(1)whe