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1、1.1.1填空判断：①linguisticscanbedefinedasthescientificorsystematicstudyoflanguage.Itisasciencestudiestherulessystemsandprinciplesoflanguage.3cannons(标准):exhaustiveness全面性consistency一致性economy.②linguisticsstudytheorigin,growth,organization.Natureanddevelopmentoflanguageanddiscoversthegen
2、eralrulesandprinciplesgoverninglanguage.2purposes:studythenature,establishatheoryanddescribelanguagebythattheory;examinesalllanguageandseeksunderstandingwaystofulfilltheneedshumanneed.1.1.2填空判断选择：Linguisticsdifferfromtraditionalgrammar:①linguisticsdescribeslanguagesanddoesnotlaydow
3、nrulesofcorrectness.②linguistsregardspokenasprimarynotwritten.Speechcameearlierthanwritingsystem.③traditionalgrammarbasedonLatinwhilelinguisticsdescribeseachlanguageonitsownmerits.1.1.4名词解释Microlinguistics:Phonetics(语音学),phonology(语音学),morphology(形态学),syntax(句法学),semantics(语义学),pra
4、gmatics(语用学).Macrolinguistics:sociolinguistics(社会语言学),psycholinguistics(心理语言学),stylistics(文体学),discourseanalysis(话语分析),computationallinguistics(计算语言学),cognitivelinguistics(认知语言学)1.2.1全especially判断Languageisasystemofarbitraryvocalsymbolsusedforhumancommunication.Languageisasystem,ar
5、bitrary,vocal.Languageisusedforhumancommunication.1.2.3Arbitrariness(任意性):referstothefactthatthereisnologicalorintrinsicconnectionbetweenaparticularsoundandthemeaningitisassociatedwith.Duality(二元性):organizationoflanguageintotwolevels-alevelofsoundswhichcombineintoasecondleveloflarg
6、erunitsiscalledduality.languageworksontwolevels:1havenomeaningbutcombinetoformunitesatanotherlevelhavemeaning.Productivity(创造性):linguisticabilityenablestoproduceandunderstandsentences.Interchageability(可交换性):mancanbothproduceandreceivemessageseasily.Displacement(移位性):enablepeopleto
7、talkathinginotherspaceandtime.Specialization:mandoesnothaveatotalphysicalinvolvementintheactofcommunication.Culturaltransmission(文化传递):languageisculturallytransmitted.Cannotbetransmittedthroughheredity.1.2.4Phaticfunction交际功能,directivefunction指示功能,informativefunction信息功能,interrogat
8、ivefunction询问功能,expressive
