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1、CHAPTER4:LAWYERS,LITIGANTS,ANDINTERESTGROUPSINTHEJUDICIALPROCESS85Oneofthemostfamouscasesinvolvingspecialinterestswasthe1925“monkeytrial,”wheretheAmericanCivilLibertiesUnion(ACLU)sentClarenceDarrow,left,todefendbiologyteacherJohnT.ScopesinhistestofTe
2、nnessee’slawbanningtheteachingofthetheoryofevolution.WilliamJenningsBryan,right,testifiedfortheprosecutionasaBibleexpert.Duringthe1950sand1960s,interestgrouplawyerssuchasThurgoodMarshall,thenchiefcounseloftheNationalAssociationfortheAdvancementofColo
3、redPeople(NAACP),successfullypersuadedthecourtstosupportAfricanAmericans’strugglefortheircivilrights.Marshallhereisshownwithoneofhisclients,AutherineLucy,expelledwithindaysofbecomingthefirstAfricanAmericanstudenttoattendtheUniversityofAlabama,alleged
4、ly“forherownsafety”inresponsetothreats.86OUTLINEOFTHEU.S.LEGALSYSTEMecutivebranchofficials.Largemem-TestCasesbershipsandpoliticalcloutarenotBecausethejudiciaryengagesinpoli-prerequisitesforfilingsuitsinthecymakingonlybyrenderingdecisionscourts,howeve
5、r.inspecificcases,onetacticofinterestInterestgroupsmayalsoturntogroupsistomakesurethatacasethecourtsbecausetheyfindthejudi-appropriateforobtainingitspolicycialbranchmoresympathetictotheirgoalsisbroughtbeforethecourt.policygoalsthantheothertwoInsomein
6、stancesthismeansthatthebranches.Throughoutthe1960sin-interestgroupwillinitiateandspon-terestgroupswithliberalpolicygoalssorthecasebyprovidingallthefaredespeciallywellinthefederalnecessaryresources.Thebest-knowncourts.Inaddition,thepublicinterestexamp
7、leofthistypeofsponsorshiplawfirmconceptgainedprominenceisBrownv.BoardofEducation(1954).duringthisperiod.ThepublicinterestInthatcase,althoughthesuitagainstlawfirmspursuecasesthatservethetheBoardofEducationofTopeka,publicinterestingeneral—includingKans
8、as,wasfiledbytheparentscasesintheareasofconsumerrights,ofLindaBrown,theNationalAssocia-employmentdiscrimination,occupa-tionfortheAdvancementofColoredtionalsafety,civilliberties,andenvi-People(NAACP)suppliedthelegalronmentalconcerns.helpandmoneynecess
