Lesson 1 Legal System1 (2)

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1、2021/7/20法律英语1LessononeLegalsystem2021/7/20法律英语2Everylawhasnoatomofstrength,asfarasnopublicopinionsupportsit.Wendellphillips,Americanleaderagainstslavery若是没有公众舆论的支持，法律是丝毫没有力量的。美国废奴运动领袖菲力普斯W2021/7/20法律英语3CharacteristicsCommonlawlegalsystem普通法系Decentraliza

2、tionCaselawStaredecisis/`stα:ridi`saisis/<拉>遵从前例2021/7/20法律英语4Commonlawislawdevelopedbyjudgesthroughdecisionsofcourtsandsimilartribunals(alsocalledcaselaw),ratherthanthroughlegislativestatutesorexecutivebranchaction.A"commonlawsystem"isalegalsystemthatgi

3、vesgreatprecedentialweighttocommonlaw,ontheprinciplethatitisunfairtotreatsimilarfactsdifferentlyondifferentoccasions.2021/7/20法律英语5Thebodyofprecedentiscalled"commonlaw"anditbindsfuturedecisions.Infuturecases,whenpartiesdisagreeonwhatthelawis,anidealizedc

4、ommonlawcourtlookstopastprecedentialdecisionsofrelevantcourts.Ifasimilardisputehasbeenresolvedinthepast,thecourtisboundtofollowthereasoningusedinthepriordecision(thisprincipleisknownasstaredecisis).If,however,thecourtfindsthatthecurrentdisputeisfundament

5、allydistinctfromallpreviouscases(calleda"matteroffirstimpression"),judgeshavetheauthorityanddutytomakelawbycreatingprecedent.Thereafter,thenewdecisionbecomesprecedent,andwillbindfuturecourts.2021/7/20法律英语6Text——PartOneTheUnitedStatesisatonceaverynewnatio

6、naveryoldnation既年轻又古老的国家2021/7/20法律英语7BackgroundTwoperiodsoflegalhistory:ThePeriodoftheEnglishColoniesThePeriodoftheUnitedStatesOnMay14,1607,theVirginiaCompanyexplorerslandedonJamestownIslandtoestablishtheVirginiaEnglishcolonyTheRevolutionaryWarinAmerica

7、(1775-1783)2021/7/20法律英语82021/7/20法律英语9itisconstantlybeingrenewedbytheadditionofnewelementsofpopulationandofnewStates不断有新的人口成分和新州的加入ItisanewnationComparedwithmanyothercountries与其他国家相比2021/7/20法律英语10Itistheoldestofthe"new"nations—thefirstonetobemadeoutofa

8、nOldWorldcolony.第一个从旧大陆殖民地脱胎而出的国家the oldestwritten constitutionthe oldestcontinuous federal systemthe oldestpractice of self-governmentItisold2021/7/20法律英语11Thewholeofitshistorybelongsintheperiodsincetheinventionoftheprint