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1、ImprovingfluidintelligencewithtrainingSEECOMMENTARYonworkingmemorySusanneM.Jaeggi*†‡,MartinBuschkuehl*†‡,JohnJonides*,andWalterJ.Perrig†*DepartmentofPsychology,UniversityofMichigan,EastHall,530ChurchStreet,AnnArbor,MI48109-1043;andDepartmentofPsychology
2、,UniversityofBern,Muesmattstrasse45,3012Bern,SwitzerlandEditedbyEdwardE.Smith,ColumbiaUniversity,NewYork,NY,andapprovedMarch18,2008(receivedforreviewFebruary7,2008)Fluidintelligence(Gf)referstotheabilitytoreasonandtosolvedramatically,transferofthislearn
3、ingtoothertasksordomainsnewproblemsindependentlyofpreviouslyacquiredknowledge.remainsshockinglyrare(18–21).Gfiscriticalforawidevarietyofcognitivetasks,anditisDespitethemanyfailurestofindtransferinanydomain,theconsideredoneofthemostimportantfactorsinlear
4、ning.More-sheerimportanceofidentifyingtasksthatcanleadtoimprove-over,Gfiscloselyrelatedtoprofessionalandeducationalsuccess,mentinothertasksrecommendscontinuedinvestigationofespeciallyincomplexanddemandingenvironments.Althoughtransfereffects.Withrespectt
5、oGf,theissueiswhetheronecanperformanceontestsofGfcanbeimprovedthroughdirectpracticeidentifyataskthatsharesmanyofthefeaturesandprocessesofontheteststhemselves,thereisnoevidencethattrainingonanyGftasks,butthatisstilldifferentenoughfromtheGftasksotherregim
6、enyieldsincreasedGfinadults.Furthermore,thereisthemselvestoavoidmerepracticeeffects.Arecentlyproposedalonghistoryofresearchintocognitivetrainingshowingthat,hypothesisbyHalfordetal.(22)mightserveasausefulframe-althoughperformanceontrainedtaskscanincrease
7、dramatically,workforthedesignofatransferstudyinwhichonewouldliketransferofthislearningtoothertasksremainspoor.Here,wetoimproveGfbymeansofaworkingmemorytask.Theirclaimpresentevidencefortransferfromtrainingonademandingwork-isthatworkingmemoryandintelligen
8、ceshareacommoningmemorytasktomeasuresofGf.Thistransferresultsevencapacityconstraint.Thiscapacityconstraintcanbeexpressedthoughthetrainedtaskisentirelydifferentfromtheintelligenceeitherbythenumberofitemsthatcanbeheldinworkingtesti
