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1、II.LiteratureoftheEighteenthCenturyBackground:1).Theageofreasonandrevolution2).GreatAwakeningin1730sand1740s3).Deism:acompromisebetweenScienceandReligion“ForthreegenerationstheprevailingAmericancharacterwascompactinonetype,themanofactionwasalsothemanofGod.Notuntilthe18thcentu
2、rydidtheriftappear…Itappearedinthetwophilosophers,JonathanEdwardsandBenjaminFranklinwhosharedthe18thcenturybetweenthem.”——Brooks2.JonathanEdwards(1703-1758)ManofGod:embodyingPuritannaïveidealismLifeEdwardswasprobablythelastgreatvoicetore-assertCalvinisminAmericaandthemostrema
3、rkableAmericanPuritan.HewasborninEastWindsor,Connecticut,theonlygrandsonofaveryimportantPuritanpastor.Andthatmeantthathetoowouldhavetobecomeapastor.Hebeganhisliterarycareerattheageofelevenwiththefamousessayontheflyingspider.Whenhewasthirteen,hisfamilysenthimtoYaleCollege,wher
4、eheexperiencedareligiousconversion.Hesucceededhisgrandfatherasministerin1729.EdwardswasaleadingfigureintheGreatAwakening.2.Literaryachievements:1）TheFreedomoftheWill(1754)2）TheGreatChristianDoctrineofOriginalSinDefended(1758)3）TheNatureofTrueVirtue(1765)4）SinnersintheHandsofa
5、nAngryGod(Edwards’bestandfamoussermon)BenjaminFranklin(1706-1790)Manofaction:embodyingcrudematerialism1.lifeBenjaminFranklinwasrecognizedastheepitome（缩影，化身，象征）oftheenlightenment,theversatile,practicalembodimentofrationalmanin18thcentury.hewasaprinter,publisher,editor,postmast
6、er,educator,humanitarian,philanthropist,economist,scientist,inventor,musician,manofletters,diplomatandstatesman.Hedidn’treceivemucheducation.Attheageof12,hewasapprenticedtohisbrother,aprinter,andat16tookovertheeditorshipofthepaperNewEnglishCourant.At17hemovedtoPhiladelphiaand
7、becamesoleownerofaprintingfirm.Heretiredfromactivebusinessat42toengagewhole-heartedlyinpoliticsandscience.HehelpedtodraftTheDeclarationofIndependence(1776),wasambassadortoFrance(1776-1785)andtookpartinthepeacenegotiationsattheendoftheWarofAmericanIndependence.Hewonaworldwider
8、eputationforhisscientificworkandinventions,includingthelightningcond
