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1、Justice08What’saFairStart?/WhatDoWeDeserve?Today,weturntothequestionofdistributivejustice.Howshouldincomeinwealthandpowerandopportunitiesbedistributed?Accordingtowhatprinciples?JohnRawlsoffersadetailedanswertothatquestion.Andwe'regoingtoexamineandassesshisanswertothatquestion,today.Weputourselves
2、inapositiontodosolasttime.Bytryingtomakesenseofwhyhethinksthatprinciplesofjusticearebestderivedfromahypotheticalcontract.Andwhatmattersisthatthehypotheticalcontractbecarriedoutinanoriginalpositionofequality,behind,whatRawlscalls,theveilofignorance.Sothatmuchisclear?Alright,thenlet'sturntotheprinc
3、iplesthatRawlssayswouldbechosenbehindtheveilofignorance.First,heconsideredsomeofthemajoralternatives.Whataboututilitarianism?Wouldthepeopleintheoriginalpositionchoosetogoverntheircollectivelivesutilitarianprinciples,thegreatestgoodforthegreatestnumber?No,theywouldn't,Rawlssays.Andthereasonis,that
4、behindtheveilofignorance,everyoneknowsthatoncetheveilgoesup,andreallifebegins,wewilleachwanttoberespectedwithdignity.Evenifweturnouttobeamemberofaminority.Wedon'twanttobeoppressed.Andsowewouldagreetorejectutilitarianism,andinsteadtoadoptasourfirstprinciple,equalbasicliberties.Fundamentalrightstof
5、reedomofspeech,freedomofassembly,religiousliberty,freedomofconscienceandthelike.Wewouldn'twanttotakethechancethatwewouldwindupasmembersofanoppressedoradespisedminoritywiththemajoritytyrannizingoverus.AndsoRawlssaysutilitarianismwouldberejected."Utilitarianismmakesthemistake",Rawlswrites,"offorget
6、ting,oratleastnottakingseriously,thedistinctionbetweenpersons."Andintheoriginalpositionbehindtheveilofignorance,wewouldrecognizethatandrejectutilitarianism.Wewouldn'ttradeoffourfundamentalrightsandlibertiesforanyeconomicadvantages.Justice08What’saFairStart?/WhatDoWeDeserve?1That'sthefirstprincipl
7、e.Secondprinciplehastodowithsocialandeconomicinequalities.Whatwouldweagreeto?Remember,wedon'tknowwhetherwe'regoingtowinduprichorpoor.Healthyorunhealthy.Wedon'tknowwhatkindoffamilywe'regoingtocomefrom.Whetherwe'regoingt
